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CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
Objectives of the study
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Germination
2.2 Dormancy
2.3 Water soaking
2.4 Mechanical scarification
2.5 Temperature treatment
2.6 Chemical scarification
2.7 Growth hormones
2.8 Metabolic changes during germination
2.8.1 Starch
2.8.2 Sugars
2.8.3 Protein md Amino acids
2.9 Hydrolysing enzymes involved in germination
2.9.1 Amylase
2.9.2 Invertase
2.9.3 Protease
2.9.4 Lipase
2.9.5 Catalase
2.9.6 Peroxidase
3 MATERIALS AND METHODS
3.1 Materials
3.1.1 Collection of fruits, purification and processing of seeds
3.2 Methids
3.2.1 Germination studies
3.2.1.1 Pre-germination treatments
3.2.1.1.1 Soaking in water
3.2.1.1.2 Mechanical scarification
3.2.1.1.2.1 nicking of seeds
3.2.1.1.2.2 Rubbing of seeds withsand
3.2.1.1.3 Temperature treatments
3.2.1.1.4 Chemical scarification
3.2.1.1.5 Treatment of seeds with plant-growth regulators
3.2.1.2 Seedling growth studies
3.2.1.2. (i) Germination
3.2.1.2. (ii) Rooting Potential
3.2.1.2. (iii) Shoot Root Ratio
3.2.1.2. (iv) Dry matter Production
3.2.1.2. (v) Moisture Content
3.2.1.2. (vi) Seedling Vigour Index
3.2.2 Biochemical analyses of seedlings
3.2.2.1 Analysis of biochemical constituents
3.2.2.2 Analysis of enzymes
3.2.3 Analysis of seed coat (testa)
4 RESULTS
4.1 Standardisation of pre-germination treatments to promote seed germination
4.1.1 Effect of water soaking on seed gemination and seedling biomass
4.1.2 Effect of mechanical scarification on seed germination and seedling biomass
4.1.3 Effect of temperature treatments on seed germination and seedling biomass
4.1.4 Effect of chemical scarification on seed germination and seedling biomass
4.1.5 Effect of pregermination treatments on seeds with plant growth regulators
4.2 Effect of pre-germination treatments on biochemical changes in embryo and seedlings.
4.2.1 Biochemical studies
4.2.2 Biochemical Constituents
4.2.3 Enzymes
4.2.4 Analysis of seed coat [Plate-12]
5 DISCUSSION
5.1 Germination Studies (Table 10 & 11)
5.2 Seedling growth studies (Table 12-16)
5.3 Biochemical studies
5.3.1 Dry matter percentage
5.3.2 Seed reserves and solubilization during germination
5.3.3 Metabolic drift during seedling growth and utilization of breakdown products
5.4 Growth inhibiting factors in Seed coat
SUMMARY
CONCLUSIONS
LEGEND FOR PLATES
LIST OF TABLES
LEGEND FOR FIGURES
BIBLIOGRAPHY