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  • TITLE
  • DECLARATION
  • CERTIFICATE
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • CONTENTS
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF APPENDICES
  • NATURE OF THE STUDY
  • I. INTRODUCTION
  • 1.1 Innovations in Instructional Practices
  • 1.2 Importance of Science Teaching
  • 1.3 Importance of Learning Chemistry
  • 1.4 Need and Significance of the Study
  • 1.5 Statement of the Problem
  • 1.6 Meaning and Definition of Important Terms
  • 1. lnformation Processing Models
  • 1.7 Objectives of the Study
  • 1.8 Hypotheses
  • 1.9 Methodology in Brief
  • 1.10 Tools Used
  • 1.11 Statistical Techniques Used
  • 1.12 Scope and Limitations of the Study
  • 1.13. Organisation of the Report
  • II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
  • 2.1 Relevant Theories of Instruction
  • 2.2 Instructional Strategies in General
  • 2.3 Models of Teaching
  • III. THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTS OF MODELS OF TEACHING
  • MODELS OF TEACHING
  • I. lnformation Processing Models
  • II. Personal Models
  • Ill. Social Interaction Models
  • IV. Behaviour Modification Model
  • 3.1.1 Concepts for Describing a Model
  • 3.1.2 Concept Attainment model
  • What is a Concept
  • Modality of the Exemplars
  • Types of Concepts
  • Variations in CAM
  • 1. Reception Oriented CAM
  • 2. Selection Oriented CAM
  • 3. Unorganized Materials Model
  • The Syntax of the Model
  • Syntax of the Reception Model of Concept Attainment
  • Phase one: Presentation of Data and Identification of Concept
  • Phase two: Testing Attainment of the Concept.
  • Phase three: Analysis of Thinking Strategies.
  • Thinking Strategies
  • Syntax of the Selection Model of Concept Attainment
  • Thinking Strategies
  • Social System
  • Principles of Reaction
  • Support System
  • Effects of the Model
  • CAM
  • The Concept Attainment Model
  • 3.1.3 Inquiry training model
  • Planning for Activities
  • Implementing Suchman Inquiry Activities
  • Principles of Reaction
  • Social System (Role of the teacher and the students)
  • Support System
  • instructional and Nurturant effects
  • The Suchman Inquiry Model
  • 3.1.4 Advance organizer model of Teaching
  • Theory of AOM
  • Goals and Assumptions
  • Characteristics of Reception Learning
  • Overview of the Ausubel Model
  • Planning for Ausubel Activity
  • Implementing Activities
  • Syntax of the Advance Organiser Model of Teaching
  • Phase 1: Presentation of Advance Organiser
  • Phase 2: Presentation of Learning Task or Material
  • Phase 3: Strengthening Cognitive Organisation
  • Progressive Differentiation
  • Integrative Reconciliation
  • Various Components in the Application of the Model
  • The Ausubel Model
  • IV. METHODOLOGY
  • 4.1 The Variables Selected
  • 4.2 Selection of Class and Unit
  • 4.3 Sample of Students
  • 4.4 Tools
  • 4.4.1 Lesson Transcripts
  • 4.4.1.1 Lesson Transcripts According to CAM
  • 4.4.1.2 Lesson Transcripts According to AOM
  • 4.4.1.3 Lesson Transcripts According to ITM
  • 4.4.1.4 Lesson Transcripts According to the CM
  • 4.4.2 Test
  • 4.4.2.1 The Design
  • A. Weightage to Objectives
  • 4.1 Weightage to Objectives
  • B. Weightage to Content
  • 4.2.1 Weightage to Content - Class VIII
  • 4.2.2 Weightage to Content - Class IX
  • 4.2.3 Weightage to Content - Class X
  • 4.2.4 Weightage to Content - Class XI
  • 4.2.5 Weightage to Content - Class XI I
  • C. Weightage to Difficulty Level
  • D. Weightage to Form of Questions
  • 4.4.2.2 Blue Print
  • 4.3 Weightage to Difficulty Level
  • 4.4.1 Blueprint of the Test - Class VIII
  • 4.4.2 Blueprint of the Test - Class IX
  • 4.4.3 Blueprint of the Test - Class X
  • 4.4.4 Blueprint of the Test - Class XI
  • 4.4.3 Attitude Scale
  • 4.4.3.1 Construction of the Attitude Scale
  • 4.4.5 Blueprint of the Test - Class XIl
  • Thurstones Method
  • Likerts Method
  • 4.4.3.2 Administration of the Pilot Test
  • 4.4.3.3 Scoring
  • 4.5 Details Regarding the Samples Selected for the Pilot Study (Attitude Scale)
  • 4.4.3.4 Selection of Criterion Groups
  • 4.4.3.5 Item Analysis
  • 4.6 Calculation of T- Value for item No.2
  • 4.7 Details Regarding the Calculation of T- Value
  • 4.4.3.6 Preparation of the Final Attitude Scale
  • 4.8 Details Regarding the Statements Selected for the Final Scale
  • 4.4.3.7. Validity of the Attitude Scale
  • 4.4.3.8 Reliability of the Attitude Scale
  • 4.4.3.9 Administration of the Tool
  • 4.4.3.10 Scoring
  • 4.4.4 Kerala University Verbal Group Test of lntelligence
  • 4.4.4.1 Test Components
  • 4.4.4.2 Description of the Sub Tests
  • A. Analogy
  • 8. Classification
  • C. Proverbs
  • 4.9 Test Components and Other Details (Intelligence Test)
  • D. Number Series
  • E. Arithmetical Reasoning
  • 4.4.4.3 Standardisation
  • 4.4.4.4 Scoring
  • 4.4.4.5 Interpretation
  • 4.4.4.6 Reliability
  • 4.4.4.7 Validity
  • 4.10 Split - Half Reliability Coefficient
  • 4.11 Inter- Test Correlation Matix
  • 4.4.5 Observation Schedules for I P M
  • 4.5 Procedure for Collecting the Data
  • 4.6 Techniques of Statistical Analysis
  • V. ANALYSIS OF THE DATA
  • 5.1 Rationale Behind the Use of the IPM and CM (Conventional Method) in terms of Objectives
  • 5.1.1 Objectives of CAM and Blooms Taxonomy
  • 5.1.2 Objectives of AOM and Blooms Taxonomy
  • 5.1.3 Objectives of ITM and Blooms Taxonomy
  • 5.1.4 Objectives of Conventional Method of Teaching and Blooms Taxonomy
  • 5.2 Pupil -Performance at a Glance
  • 5.2.1 Pupil-Performance of the Two Groups Before Experiment -class Vlll
  • 5.1 Frequency and Various Statistics of Pre-Test Scores of the Group Taught through IPM - Class VIII
  • 5.2.2 Pupil Performance of the Two Groups -After Experiment - Class Vlll
  • 5.2 Frequency and Various Statistics of Pre-Test Scores of the Group Taught through CM - Class VIII
  • 5.3 Frequency and Various Statistics of Post-Test Scores of the Group Taught through IPM - Class VIII
  • 5.2.3 Pupil - Performance of the Two Groups Before Experiment - Class IX
  • 5.4 Frequency and Various Statistics of Post-Test Scores of the Group Taught through CM - Class VIII
  • 5.5 Frequency and Various Statistics of Pre-Test Scores of the Group Taught through IPM - Class IX
  • 5.2.4 Pupil - Performance of the Two Groups After Experiment - Class IX
  • 5.6 Frequency and Various Statistics of Pre-Test Scores of the Group Taught through CM - Class IX
  • 5.7 Frequency and Various Statistics of Post-Test Scores of the Group Taught through IPM -Class IX
  • 5.2.5 Pupil - Performance of the Two groups Before Experiment - Class X
  • 5.8 Frequency and Various Statistics of Post-Test Scores of the Group Taught through CM - Class IX
  • 5.9 Frequency and Various Statistics of Pre-Test Scores of the Group Taught through IPM - Class X
  • 5.2.6 Pupil - Performance of the Two Groups After Experiment - Class X
  • 5.10 Frequency and Various Statistics of Pre-Test Scores of the Group Taught through CM - Class X
  • 5.11 Frequency and Various Statistics of Post-Test Scores of the Group Taught through IPM - Class X
  • 5.2.7 Pupil - Performance of the Two Groups - Before Experiment - Class XI
  • 5.12 Frequency and Various Statistics of Post-Test Scores of the Group Taught through CM - Class X
  • 5.13 Frequency and Various Statistics of Pre-Test Scores of the Group Taught through IPM - Class XI
  • 5.2.8 Pupil - Performance of the Two Groups After Experiment Class XI
  • 5.14 Frequency and Various Statistics of Pre-Test Scores of the Group Taught through CM - Class XI
  • 5.15 Frequency and Various Statistics of Post-Test Scores of the Group Taught through IPM - Class XI
  • 5.2.9 Pupil - Performance of the Two Groups - Before Experiment - Class XII
  • 5.16 Frequency and Various Statistics of Post-Test Scores of the Group Taught through CM - Class XI
  • 5.17 Frequency and Various Statistics of Pre-Test Scores of the Group Taught through IPM - Class XI I
  • 5.2.10 Pupil - Performance of the Two Groups - After Experiment - Class -XI
  • 5.18 Frequency and Various Statistics of Pre-Test Scores of the Group Taught through CM - Class XII
  • 5.19 Frequency and Various Statistics of Post-Test Scores of the Group Taught through IPM - Class XII
  • 5.3 Interpretation Using Analysis of Covariance
  • 5.20 Frequency and Various Statistics of Post-Test Scores of the Group Taught through CM - Class XI
  • 5.3.1.1. Comparison of IPM and CM -Test as a Whole -Class Vlll
  • 5.21 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups - Class VIII
  • 5.22 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre - Test and Post - Test of the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.23 Adjusted Means of Scores for the Post -Test of Students in Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.3.1.2 Comparison of IPM and CM - with respect to the Knowledge Level - Class Vlll
  • 5.24 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups - Knowledge Level
  • 5.25 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups with respect to Knowledge Level
  • 5.3.1.3 Comparison of IPM and CM -with respect to theComprehension level -class Vlll
  • 5.26 Adjusted Means of Scores with respect to Knowledge Level of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.27 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups - Comprehension Level
  • 5.28 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups with respect to Comprehension Level
  • 5.29 Adjusted Means of Scores with respect to Comprehension Level of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.3.1.4 Comparison of IPM and CM - with respect to the Application level - Class Vlll
  • 5.30 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups - Application Level
  • 5.31 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups with respect to Application Level
  • 5.32 Adjusted Means of Scores with respect to Application Level of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.3.1.5 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores of High Intelligence Categories Class Vlll
  • 5.33 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.34 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups under the High Intelligence Categories
  • 5.35 Adjusted Means of Scores in the High Intelligence Categories of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.3.1.6 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores of the Low Intelligence Categories Class Vlll
  • 5.36 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.37 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups under the Low Intelligence Categories
  • 5.3.1.7 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores - Higher Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale - Class Vlll
  • 5.38 Adjusted Means of Scores in the Low Intelligence Categories of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.39 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.40 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups Higher Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.41 Adjusted Means of Scores for the Post-Test of Students in the Two Groups. Higher Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.3.1.8. Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores - Lower Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale -Class Vlll
  • 5.42 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.43 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups Lower Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.44 Adjusted Means of Scores for the Post-test of Students in the Two Groups-Lower Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.3.1.9 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores of Scientific Attitude - Class Vlll
  • 5.45 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.46 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups with respect to Scientific Attitude.
  • 5.47 Adjusted Means of Scores with respect to Scientific Attitude in the Two Groups
  • 5.4.1 Comparison of the Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores of Scientific Attitude when IPM is used -Class Vlll
  • 5.48 Results of the Test of Significance of the Difference between the Means of the Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores of the IPM Group.
  • 5.4.2 Comparison of the Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores of Scientific Attitude when CM is used -Class Vlll
  • 5.49 Results of the Test of Significance of the Difference between the Means of the Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores of the CM Group.
  • 5.5.1 Analysis of the Entries of the Observation Schedule Class Vlll
  • 5.50 The Scores Obtained for the Observation Schedule of CAM
  • 5.51 The Scores Obtained for the Observation Schedule of ITM
  • 5.3.2.1 Comparison of IPM and CM -Test as a Whole -Class IX
  • 5.52 The Scores Obtained for the Observation Schedule of AOM
  • 5.53 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups - Class IX
  • 5.54 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.55 Adjusted Means of Scores for the Post-Test of Students in the Experiment and Control Groups
  • 5.3.2.2 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Knowledge Level - Class lX
  • 5.56 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups-Knowledge Level
  • 5.57 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups with respect to Knowledge Level
  • 5.3.2.3 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Comprehension Level -Class IX
  • 5.58 Adjusted Means of Scores with respect to Knowledge Level of Students in the Two Groups.
  • 5.59 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups - Comprehension Level
  • 5.60 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups with respect to Comprehension Level
  • 5.61 Adjusted Means of Scores with respect to Comprehension Level of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.3.2.4 Comparison of IPM with CM with respect to the Application Level - Class IX
  • 5.62 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups - Application Level
  • 5.63 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups with respect to Application Level
  • 5.64 Adjusted Means of Scores for the Post-Test of Students in the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.3.2.5 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores of High intelligence Categories - Class IX
  • 5.65 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.66 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups under the High Intelligence Categories
  • 5.67 Adjusted Means of Scores in the High Intelligence Categories of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.3.2.6 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores of Low intelligence Categories - Class IX
  • 5.68 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.69 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups under the Low Intelligence Categories
  • 5.3.2.7 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to Scores-HigherCategories on Scientific Attitude Scale - Class IX
  • 5.70 Adjusted Means of Scores in the Low Intelligence Categories of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.71 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.72 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups Higher Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.73 Adjusted Means of Scores for Post-Test of Students in the Two Groups. Higher Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.3.2.8 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores-LowerCategories on Scientific Attittude Scale -Class IX
  • 5.74 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.75 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups Lower Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.76 Adjusted Means of Scores for the Post-Test of Students in the Two Groups-Lower Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.3.2.9 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to Scores of Scientific Attitude Class IX
  • 5.77 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control groups
  • 5.78 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups with respect to Scientific Attitude.
  • 5.79 Adjusted Means of Scores with respect to Scientific Attitude in the Two Groups
  • 5.4.3. Comparison of the Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores of Scientific Attitude when IPM is used - Class IX
  • 5.80 Results of the Test of Significance of the Difference between the Means of the Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores of the IPM Group.
  • 5.4.4. Comparison of the Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores of ScientificAttitude - when CM is used-Class IX
  • 5.81 Results of the Test of Significance of the Difference between the Means of the Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores of the CM Group.
  • 5.5.2. Analysis of the Entries of the Observation Schedule - Class IX
  • 5.82 The Scores Obtained for the Observation Schedule of CAM
  • 5.83 The Scores Obtained for the Observation Schedule of ITM
  • 5.3.3.1 Comparison of IPM and CM -Test as a Whole -Class X
  • 5.84 The Scores Obtained for the Observation Schedule of AOM
  • 5.85 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control groups - Class X
  • 5.86 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post- Test of the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.87 Adjusted Means of Scores for the Post-Test of Students in Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.3.3.2 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Knowledge Level -Class X
  • 5.88 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Expermental and Control Groups
  • 5.89 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups with respect to Knowledge Level
  • 5.3.8.3 Comparison of IPM and CM -with respect to the Comprehension level - class X
  • 5.90 Adjusted Means of Scores with respect to Knowledge Level of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.91 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.92 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post- Test of the Experimental and Control Groups with respect to Comprehension Level
  • 5.93 Adjusted Means of Scores with respect to Comprehension Level of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.3.3.4 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Application Level - Class X
  • 5.94 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.95 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups with respect to Application Level
  • 5.96 Adjusted Means of Scores for the Post-Test of Students in the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.3.3.5 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores of High Intelligence Categories-Class X
  • 5.97 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.98 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups under the High Intelligence Categories
  • 5.99 Adjusted Means of Scores in the High Intelligence Categories of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.3.3.6 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores of Low Intelligence Categories-Class X
  • 5.100 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.101 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimer: al and Control Groups under the Low lntelliger: e Categories
  • 5.102 Adjusted Means of Scores in the Low Intelligence Categories of Students in the two Groups
  • 5.3.3.7 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores of Higher Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale-Class X
  • 5.103 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.104 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experiment and Control Groups-Higher Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.3.3.8 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores of Lower.Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale -Class X
  • 5.105 Adjusted Means of Scores for Post-Test of Students in the Two Groups. Higher Cate: Dries on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.106 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.107 Analysis of Covariance of Scores. of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimer.al and Control Groups Lower Categories on Scientific.- titude Scale
  • 5.3.3.9 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores of Scientific Attitude - Class X
  • 5.108 Adjusted Means of Scores for Post-Test of Students in the Two Groups-Lower Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.109 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.110 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups with respect to Scientific Attitude.
  • 5.111 Adjusted Means of Scores with respect to Scientific Attitude in the Two Groups
  • 5.4.5 Comparison of the Pre-Test and Post Test Scores of ScentificAttitude When IPM is used -Class X
  • 5.4.6 Comparison of the Pre-Test and Post Test Scores of Scientific Attitude - When CM is used -Class X
  • 5.112 Results of the Test of Significance of the Difference between the Means of the Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores of the IPM Group.
  • 5.5.3.4nalysis of the Entries of the Observation Schedule Class X
  • 5.113 Results of the Test of Significance of the Difference between the Means of the Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores of the CM Group.
  • 5.114 The Scores Obtained for the Observation Schedule of CAM
  • 5.3.4.1 comparison of IPM and CM -Test as a Whole - Class XI
  • 5.115 The Scores Obtained for the Observation Schedule of ITM
  • 5.116 The Scores Obtained for the Observation Schedule of AOM
  • 5.117 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups - Class XI
  • 5.118. Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.119 Adjusted Means of Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.3.4.2 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Knowledge Level - Class XI
  • 5.120 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.121 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post- Test of the Experimental and Control Groups with respect to Knowledge Level
  • 5.122 Adjusted Means of Scores with respect to Knowledge Level of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.3.4.3 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to Comprehension Level - Class XI
  • 5.123 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.124 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.125 Adjusted Means of Scores with respect to Comprehension Level of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.3.4.4 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to Application Level -Class XI
  • 5.126 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.127 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post- Test of the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.128 Adjusted Means of Scores with respect to Application Level of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.3.4.5 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores of the High Intelligence Categories -Class XI
  • 5.129 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.130 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post- Test of the Experimental and Control Groups under the High Intelligence Categories
  • 5.131 Adjusted Means of Scores in the High Intelligence
  • 5.3.4.6 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores of the Low Intelligence Categories - Class XI
  • 5.132 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.133 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups under the Low Intelligence Categories
  • 5.3.4.7 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores- HigherCategories on Scientific Attitude Scale-Class XI
  • 5.134 Adjusted Means of Scores in the Low Intelligence Categories of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.135 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.136 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post- Test of the Experimental and Control Groups Higher Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.137 Adjusted Means of Scores for Post-Test of Students in the Two Groups. Higher Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.3.4.8 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores -LowerCategories on Scientific Attitude Scale -ClassXI
  • 5.138 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.139 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups Lower Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.140 Adjusted Means of Scores for the Post-test of Students in the Two Groups-Lower Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.3.4.9 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores of Scientific Attitude - ClassXl
  • 5.141 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.142 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups with respect to Scientific Attitude.
  • 5.143 Adjusted Means of Scores of Experimental and Control Groups for the Post-Test of Students with respect to Scientific Attitude
  • 5.4.7 Comparison of the Pre-test and Post test Scores of Scientific Artitude when IPM is used - Class XI
  • 5.4.8 Comparison of the Pre-test and Post test Scores of Scientific Attitude when CM is used
  • 5.144 Results of the Test of Significance of the Difference between the Means of the Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores of the IPM Group.
  • 5.5.4 Analysis of the Entries of the Observation Schedule
  • 5.145 Results of the Test of Significance of the Difference between the Means of the Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores of the CM Group.
  • 5.146 The Scores Obtained for the Observation Schedule of CAM
  • 5.3.5.1 Comparison of IPM and CM -Test as a Whole-Class XII
  • 5.147 The Scores Obtained for the Observation Schedule of ITM
  • 5.148 The Scores Obtained for the Observation Schedule of AOM
  • 5.149 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups-Class Xil
  • 5.150 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post- Test of the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.151 Adjusted Means of Scores for the Post-Test of Students in the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.3.5.2 Comparison of IPM and CM - with respect to the Knowledge level Class - XII
  • 5.152 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.153 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups with respect to Knowledge Level
  • 5.154 Adjusted Means of Scores with respect to Knowledge Level of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.3.5.3 Comparison of IPM and CM - with respect to Comprehension level - Class XI1
  • 5.155 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.156 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups with respect to Comprehension Level
  • 5.157 Adjusted Means of Scores with respect to Comprehension Level of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.3.5.4 Comparison of IPM and CM - with respect to Application level- Class XII
  • 5.158 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.159 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores of the Experimental and Control Groups with respect to Application Level
  • 5.160 Adjusted Means of Scores with respect to Application Level of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.3.5.5 Comparison of IPM and CM - with respect to the Scores of the High Intelligence Categories- Class XII
  • 5.161 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.162 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of Experimental andGroups under the High Intelligence Categories
  • 5.163 Adjusted Means of Scores in the High Intelligence Categories of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.3.5.6 Comparison of IPM and CM - with respect to the Scores of the Low Intelligence Categories - Class XII
  • 5.164 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.165 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups under the Low Intelligence Categories
  • 5.3.5.7 Comparison of IPM and CM - with respect to the Scores of theHigher Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale- Class XII
  • 5.166 Adjusted Means of Scores in the Low Intelligence Categories of Students in the Two Groups
  • 5.167 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.168 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups Higher Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.3.5.8 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores - Lower Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale- Class XII
  • 5.169 Adjusted Means of Scores for Post-Test of Students in the Two Groups. Higher Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.170 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.171 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post- Test of the Experimental and Control Groups Lower Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.172 Adjusted Means of Scores for the Post-test of Students in the Two Groups-Lower Categories on Scientific Attitude Scale
  • 5.3.5.9 Comparison of IPM and CM with respect to the Scores - of Scientific Attitude -Class XII
  • 5.173 Analysis of Variance of the Scores for the Experimental and Control Groups
  • 5.174 Analysis of Covariance of Scores of the Pre-Test and Post-Test of the Experimental and Control Groups with respect to Scientific Attitude.
  • 5.175 Adjusted Means of Scores of Experimental and Control Groups for the Post-Test of Students with respect to Scientific Attitude
  • 5.4.9 Comparison of the Pre - Test and Post Test Scores of Scientific Attitude When IPM is used -Class XII
  • 5.4.10 Comparison of the Pre - Test and Post Test Scores of Scientific Attitude - When CM is used -Class XII
  • 5.176 Results of the Test of Significance of the Difference between the Means of the Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores of the IPM Group.
  • 5.5.5 Analysis of the Entries of the Observation Schedule
  • 5.177 Results of the Test of Significance of the Difference between the Means of the Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores of the CM Group.
  • 5.178 The Scores Obtained for the Observation Schedule of CAM
  • 5.179 The Scores Obtained for the Observation Schedule of (TM
  • 5.180 The Scores Obtained for the Observation Schedule of AOM
  • VI. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • 6.1 Objectives of the Study
  • 6.2 Summary of the Procedures
  • 6.1 Consolidated Results of Analysis of Covariance for Post-Test Scores of Pupils in the Experimental and Control Groups.
  • 6.2 Consolidated Results of Analysis of Adjusted Means of Post-Test Scores in the Experimental and Control Groups.
  • 6.3 Results of Test of Significance of the Difference between the Means of the Pre-Test and Post-Test Scores on Scientific Attitude Scale of IPM and CM Group.
  • 6.3 Summary of Major Findings
  • 6.4 Conclusions
  • 6.5 Tenability of the Hypothesis
  • 6.6 Suggestions
  • 6.6.1 Suggestions for Implementations
  • 6.6.2 Suggestions for Further Research
  • REFERENCES
  • APPENDIX I. LESSON TRANSCRIPTS BASED ON IPM
  • APPENDIX II. LESSON TRANSCRIPTS BASED ON CM
  • APPENDIX Ill. ACHIEVEMENT TESTS IN CHEMISTRY
  • APPENDIX IV. A TEST OF SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE FOR SECONDARY STUDENTS-DRAFT FORM FOR THE PILOT TEST
  • APPENDIX V. TEST OF SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE FOR SECONDARY STUDENTS (FINAL FORM)
  • APPENDIX VI. TEST OF SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE ANSWER SHEET
  • APPENDIX VII. TEST OF INTELLIGENCE ANSWER SHEET
  • APPENDIX Vlll. OBSERVATION SCHEDULE OF CAM
  • APPENDIX IX. OBSERVATION SCHEDULE OF ITM
  • APPENDIX X. OBSERVATION SCHEDULE OF AOM