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  • TITLE
  • CERTIFICATE
  • DECLARATION
  • CONTENTS
  • ABBREVIATIONS
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF FIGURES
  • LIST OF FLOW CHARTS
  • 1. INTRODUCTION
  • Article 1. Alcoholism: A World Wide Dilemma
  • 1.1.1 The chemistry of alcohol
  • 1.1.2 Religious responses to the problem
  • 1.1.3 Socio-cultural perspectives
  • 1.1.4 The Indian context
  • 1.1.5 Factors influencing liquor consumption
  • Article 2. From Menu to Menace: A Universal Dilemma
  • 1.2.1 The United Kingdom
  • 1.2.2 The United States of America
  • 1.2.3 Methods of estimation
  • 1.2.4 Levels of menace
  • Article 3. Extent and Prevalence of Alcoholism in India
  • 1.3.1 A general view
  • 1.3.2 Selected case studies: A brief survey
  • Article 4. Causes and Consequences of Alcohol Abuse: An Overview
  • 1.4.1 A survey of experts view
  • 1.4.2 Alcoholism: Classification
  • 1.4.3 Some other theories
  • 1.4.4 Consequences of alcohol abuse
  • Article 5. Certain Responses to the Problem of Alcoholism
  • 1.5.1 A historical overview
  • 1.5.2 Alcoholism as a disease
  • 1.5.3 Public health perspective
  • 1.5.4 Alcohol education programmes
  • 1.5.5 Psycho-analytic model and family intervention model
  • 1.5.6 Combating the problem: Various levels
  • 1.5.7 Self-help movement
  • 1.5.8 The Alcoholics Anonymous model
  • 1.5.9 Self-control and self-management perspectives: promotion of individual intervention programmes
  • 1.5.10 The treatment programmes: Criticism
  • 1.5.11 Prevention or cure?
  • 1.5.12 The Indian context
  • Notes and References
  • 2. RESEARCH DESIGN
  • 2.0.1 Rationale of the study
  • 2.0.2 Objectives
  • 2.0.3 Operational definition of key terms
  • 2.0.4 Methods of investigation
  • 2.0.5 Methods of data collection
  • 2.0.6 Universe and sampling
  • 2.0.7 Data processing and analysis
  • 2.0.8 Chapterisation and scheme of the study
  • 3. LIQUOR MENACE: THE INDIAN SCENARIO
  • Article 1. Major Liquor Problems: At a Glance
  • 3.1.1 Liquor policy of state governments
  • 3.1.2 Nature and magnitude of the problem
  • 3.1.3 What the ISEC study reveals?
  • 3.1.4 The bootlegger-police-politician nexus
  • 3.1.5 Why the accused go unpunished?
  • (a) Lack of adequate deterrent punishment
  • (b) Low conviction rate
  • (c) Terrorist tactics adopted by the bootleggers
  • (d) Delay in analysing the seized materials
  • 3.1.6 Some remedial measures
  • 3.1.7 What the traders say?
  • 3.1.8 Alcohol under ayurvedic labels: Some revealing facts
  • 3.1.9 Spirit smuggling: A grave problem
  • 3.1.10 Illicit liquor trade: Process and profit
  • 3.1.11 Summing up
  • Article 2. Excise Policies in India: A Brief Historical Survey
  • 3.2.1 First phase: Pre-British, early British trends
  • 3.2.2 The role of 1905 Resolution
  • 3.2.3 The Congress opposition to British liquor policy
  • 3.2.4 Prohibition in Gandhijis Constructive Programme
  • 3.2.5 Arguments against prohibition
  • 3.2.6 Rajajis lead role and its emulation by other governments
  • 3.2.7 Impact of the measure
  • 3.2.8 Prohibition gets into Constitution
  • 3.2.9 Lok Sabha Resolution of 1956
  • 3.2.10 Prohibition and the Five Year Plans
  • 3.2.11 The twelve-point programme: 1975
  • 3.2.12 Prohibition in a phased manner: 1978
  • 3.2.13 From prohibition to temperance: 1980
  • 3.2.14 Limitations of legislative measures
  • Notes and References
  • 4. TACKLING THE PROBLEM OF ALCOHOLISM: TOWARDS A GAHDHIAN FRAMEWORK
  • Article 1. Evolution of Gandhijis Attitude Towards the Drink Evil
  • 4.1.1 Influence of mother
  • 4.1.2 Temptations faced by Gandhiji in England
  • 4.1.3 Acquaintance with drinkers: England and South Africa
  • 4.1.4 Face to face with the drink evil in India: Call for prohibition
  • Article 2. Strategies Based on Prohibition
  • 4.2.1 Prohibition in Gandhian terms
  • 4.2.2 Moral and spiritual aspects of prohibition
  • 4.2.3 Political dimension of prohibition
  • 4.2.4 Socio-economic dimensions of prohibition
  • 4.2.5 Prohibition in the Indian context
  • 4.2.6 Importance of legislation
  • 4.2.7 Gandhijis answers for the arguments against prohibition
  • (a) Question of revenue loss
  • (b) Curtailment of individual freedom
  • (c) Is prohibition compulsion?
  • (d) Prohibition and democracy
  • (e) Is it costly?
  • (f) Loss of employment
  • 4.2.8 Summing up
  • Article 3. Strategies Based on Temperance
  • 4.3.1 Role of women
  • 4.3.2 Provision for treatment
  • 4.3.3 Need to convert the contractors
  • 4.3.4 Role of voluntary organisations
  • (a) Role of youth
  • (b) Role of students
  • (c) Educating the public
  • 4.3.5 Summing up
  • Article 4. Strategies Based on rehabilitative measures: Emphasis on Constructive Activities
  • 4.4.1 Creation of congenial social environment
  • 4.4.2 Role of the state
  • 4.4.3 Importance of rehabilitation
  • 4.4.4 Gandhijis twelve-point programme
  • 4.4.5 Gandhian framework: A wholistic one
  • Article 5. Satyagraha and Prohibition
  • 4.5.1 Truth and non-violence
  • 4.5.2 Oneness of all life
  • 4.5.3 Law of self-suffering
  • 4.5.4 Based on soul force
  • 4.5.5 Role of prayer and fasting
  • 4.5.6 Purity of ends and means
  • 4.5.7 Scope of satyagraha
  • 4.5.8 Methods of satyagraha
  • 4.5.9 Qualifications of a satyagrahi
  • 4.5.10 Various methods
  • (a) Meetings
  • (b) Marches and processions
  • (c) Observance of national days and weeks
  • (d) Pamphlets and newspapers
  • (e) Hartal
  • (f) Strike
  • (g) Civil disobedience
  • (h) Non-violent Non-cooperation
  • (i) No-tax campaign
  • (j) Courting imprisonment
  • (k) Peaceful picketing
  • (l) Boycott
  • (m) Fasting
  • (n) Non-possession
  • (o) Peaceful raid
  • (p) Protest resignations
  • (q) Desh-tyaga or Sthan-tyaga
  • (r) Satyagraha sahayog
  • 4.5.11 constructive Programme
  • 4.5.12 Summing up
  • Notes and References
  • 5. LIQUOR TRADE IN KERALA: NATURE AND TRENDS
  • Article 1. A Brief Historical Survey from 1956-1969
  • 5.1.1 Early attempts at prohibition
  • 5.1.2 Measures to enlisting peoples participation
  • 5.1.3 Independent shop system
  • 5.1.4 Cooperatives and neera parlours
  • 5.1.5 System of auction-Single shop to groups
  • 5.1.6 Suspension of Abkari Act, 1967
  • 5.1.7 Liquor trade in Kerala: Today
  • Article 2. Trading Network of the Abkari System in Kerala
  • 5.2.1 Supply of toddy
  • 5.2.2 Supply of Indian made foreign liquor
  • 5.2.3 Supply of arrack
  • 5.2.4 Policy change in 1993
  • Article 3. Revenue from liquor Trade
  • 5.3.1 Revenue from arrack
  • 5.3.2 Revenue from foreign liquor
  • 5.3.3 Revenue from toddy
  • 5.3.4 The estimated regression equation of liquor-trade revenue on selected independent variables
  • 5.3.5 Summing up
  • Article 4. Employment Aspect of Liquor Trade
  • 5.4.1 The background
  • 5.4.2 Appointment of wages committees
  • 5.4.3 Toddy workers welfare Fund Board, 1970
  • 5.4.4 Abkari Workers Welfare Fund Act, 1990
  • 5.4.5 Summing up
  • Article 5. Illicit Distillation in Kerala: A Profile
  • 5.5.1 Illicit distillation-who and how?
  • 5.5.2 The excise-bootlegger nexus
  • 5.5.3 Process of brewing illicit liquor
  • 5.5.4 Societal attitude
  • 5.5.5 Attitude of political parties
  • 5.5.6 Reasons for illicit distilling and trade
  • 5.5.7 Case Studies
  • 5.5.7.1 Pozhiyoor
  • 5.5.7.2 Monadi
  • 5.5.7.3 Muchukunnu
  • Article 6. Trends in liquor consumption in Kerala
  • 5.6.1 Factors behind liquor consumption
  • 5.6.2 Correlation between price, consumption and revenue from liquor
  • 5.6.3 Summing up
  • Notes and References
  • 6. ANTI-ALCOHOLIC DRIVE IN KERALA: ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
  • 6.0.1 Introduction: A brief historical outline of anti-alcoholic movement
  • 6.0.2 Role of state governments
  • 6.0.3 Shift in emphasis
  • 6.0.4 Role of Ministry of Welfare
  • 6.0.5 Government and voluntary agencies
  • 6.0.6 Government and anti-alcoholic movement: Sample survey
  • 6.0.7 Police-Excise approach to anti-alcoholic movement
  • 6.0.8 Summing up
  • Notes and References
  • ANTI-ALCOHOLIC DRIVE IN KERALA: TEMPERANCE BASED INITIATIVES
  • 7.0.1 Various approaches
  • 7.0.2 Case Studies
  • 7.0.2.1 TRADA (Total Response to Alcohol and Drug Addiction)
  • 7.0.2.2 Abhaya
  • 7.0.2.3 Suraksha de-addiction and counselling centre
  • 7.0.2.4 Data analysis of case studies
  • 7.0.2.5 Summing up
  • Notes and References
  • 8. ANTI-ALCOHOLIC DRIVE IN KERALA: PROHIBITION CAMPAIGN
  • 8.0.1 Kerala Prohibition Council: A profile
  • 8.0.2 Objectives
  • 8.0.3 Programmes
  • 8.0.4 Organisational structure
  • 8.0.5 The Kerala context
  • 8.0.6 Fight against liquor: The Kottathur satyagraha
  • 8.0.7 Case Studies
  • 8.0.7.1 Mattancherry Satyagraha
  • 8.0.7.2 Palayam satyagraha
  • 8.0.7.3 Ooramana satyagraha
  • 8.0.7.4 Case studies: An evaluation
  • 8.0.7.5 Summing up
  • References
  • 9. CONCLUSION
  • a) Palmyrah fibre based cottage industries
  • b) Toddy based alternate products
  • c) Motor spirits
  • References
  • SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • APPENDICES