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  • TITLE
  • CERTIFICATE
  • DECLARATION
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • CONTENTS
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF EXHIBITS
  • Exhibits
  • GLOSSARY
  • I. Introduction
  • CONTENTS
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Entrepreneurship - the vital human resource
  • 3. Women and Economic Development
  • 4.WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
  • 5. Statement of the Problem
  • 6. Objectives of the Study
  • 7.Sample Design
  • 8. Methodology and Data base
  • 9. Relevance of the study.
  • 10. Literature review.
  • 11. Limitations of the study.
  • 12. Chapter scheme.
  • References
  • II. SOCIO - ECONOMIC STRUCTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT
  • CONTENTS
  • 1. General
  • 2. Infrastructure
  • 1. Transport
  • 2. Communication
  • 3. Supply of Human Resource
  • 1. 2.1 Supply of Human Resources in the state
  • 4. Power
  • 2. 2.2 Power Supply and consumption in Kerala 1990-2000
  • 5. Banking
  • 3. Human resource Development
  • 3. 2.3 Banking Statistics of Kerala 1990-2000
  • 4. 2.4 Educational Institutions and intake of students
  • 4. Natural Resource
  • 1. Agriculture Resources
  • 5. 2.5 Major Agricultural products
  • 2. Mineral Resources
  • 3. Industrial Land
  • 5. Industrial Relations
  • 6. Economic Participation Rate
  • 6. 2.6 Work participation Rate in Kerala
  • I Rate of Work Participation in Kerala & India 1981-2000
  • 2 Female Work Participation Rate Kerala- India
  • 7. Central Sector Investment
  • Industrial Sickness
  • 7. 2.7 Central Sector Investment In Kerala
  • 8. 2.8 Magnitude of Industrial sickness in Kerala
  • Peoples Planning
  • 8. Social status of women in Kerala
  • 3.Rate of Women unemployment in Kerala
  • 9. Implications of Economic reforms on Women Entrepreneurs
  • Negative impacts
  • 4 Growth of Employment opportunities in Kerala
  • Positive impacts
  • References
  • III. DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN KERALA
  • CONTENTS
  • Introduction.
  • Types of women entrepreneurs
  • Typical Characteristics for Successful Women Entrepreneur
  • Development of Women Entrepreneurship
  • WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP - World Scenario
  • Women Entrepreneurship in Canada.
  • 9. 3.1 Proportion of women in self-employment Sector in selected countries
  • South Africa
  • Women Entrepreneurship in Israel.
  • Development of women entrepreneurship in the USA
  • Women Entrepreneurship in Japan
  • WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN INDIA
  • 10. 3.2 Women-owned enterprises in the United States
  • Growth of women entrepreneurship in Kerala
  • Women in the Small Scale sector
  • 5 Participation of Women in the Small Scale Sector
  • Women Industries Programme (WIP)
  • 11. 3.3 Growth of women participation in the SS sector
  • 6 Annual Growth rate of men and Women units registered in Kerala 1991-200
  • Industrial Cooperative societies.
  • 12 3.4 The progress of Registration Under WIP Scheme
  • Women Component Plan Under Local Self Governments.
  • 13.3.5 Growth of women Industrial Co operative societies
  • 14. 3.6 Women Component Plan- utilisation of fund
  • Self Help Groups (SHGs)
  • Kudambasree Projects
  • References
  • IV. GOVERNMENT MEASURES AND INSTITUTIONS IN SUPPORT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
  • CONTENTS
  • Support by Govt. of India
  • Reserve Bank of India
  • Action Plan for Strengthening Delivery of Credit to Women
  • SUPPORTIVE MEASURES OF THE STATE GOVERNMENT
  • SPECIAL ASSISTANCE FOR WOMEN ENTERPRISES
  • Institutional Support Programmes
  • A. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCES
  • B. CONSULTANCY SERVICES
  • C. ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING
  • D. ASSISTANCE FOR MARKETING
  • E. INFRASTRUCTURE
  • NATURE AND EFFICACY OF INSTITUTIONAL ASSISTANCE
  • Entrepreneurial Training and ~eveloprnentP rogrammes
  • 15. 4.1 Institutional/ Government Assistance Received By Entrepreneurs
  • 16. 4.2 Entrepreneurs attended EDP and their opinion
  • 17. 4.3 Entrepreneurs did not participate in EDPs and Reasons for Non-participation
  • Difficulties experienced in getting government assistance
  • 18. 4.4 Entrepreneurs experienced difficulties in getting assistance and nature of difficulties
  • Awareness of entrepreneurs on Governmental Measures andInstitutional Support
  • 7 Entrepreneurs Awareness on Governmental schemes
  • 19. 4.5 Awareness of entrepreneurs about governmental support / programmes
  • Sustainability of women enterprises and Governmentalsupport
  • 20.4.6 Units received state assistance and sustainability
  • 8 Governmental Support and Sustainability
  • Awareness and opinion of women entrepreneurs on new economicpolicy
  • 21. 4.7 Opinion of entrepreneurs about the impact of new economic policy
  • V. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE SMALL SCALE SECTOR
  • CONTENTS
  • Introduction
  • Growth of Small Scale Sector
  • 22 5.1 Growth of women enterprises in Kerala
  • Growth of women in the Small Scale sector
  • 9 Growth of women enterprises in the SSI sector
  • 23 5.2 District wise growth of women enterprises in Kerala
  • 24 5.3 Product wise distribution of units in the frame
  • 25 5.4 Product wise Distribution of units in the sample
  • Socio economic and Educational background
  • 26 5.5 Distribution of sample units by religion
  • 27 5.6 Entrepreneurs by marital status and age
  • 10 Marital Status of women entrepreneurs
  • 11 Educational Qualification of entrepreneurs in the sample
  • 28 5.7 Distribution of entrepreneurs by age and education
  • 29 5.8 Distribution of entrepreneurs by income
  • 30 5.9 Distribution of entrepreneurs by previous experience
  • 31 5.10 Distribution by Business tradition of Entrepreneurs
  • 32 5.11 Sector wise distribution of enterprises and growth
  • 33 5.12 Average investment in fixed assets and number of employees
  • Sources of Finance
  • 34 5.13 Distribution of enterprises by source of funds
  • 35 5.14 Distribution of units by funds invested on different Assets
  • 36 5.15 Distribution of Owners equity.
  • 37 5.16 Percentage of Borrowed funds in total investment
  • 12 Investment pattern in sample units
  • 38 5.17 Average Capacity utilisation in enterprises
  • 13 Average Capacity utilisation
  • 39 5.18 Product wise distribution by Capacity utilization
  • 14.Reasons for under utilisation of capacity in sample units
  • 40 5.19 Main reasons for under utilisation of capacity
  • 41 5.20 Ranking of reasons for under utilisation of capacity
  • PROBLEMS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
  • Problems in launching a unit
  • 42 5.21 Problems of entrepreneurs in launching the unit
  • 15 Problems of women entrepreneurs to start new units
  • Problems in running the unit
  • 43 5.22 Problems of entrepreneurs in running the enterprise
  • 16 Problems of women entrepreneurs in running business
  • Nature of Financial problems in women units.
  • 44 5.23 Nature of Financial problems in women enterprises
  • 17 Nature of financial problems in women enterprises
  • Inadequate working Capital
  • 45 5.24 Shortage of working capital
  • 18 Shortage of working capital in women enterprises
  • REASONS FOR SHORTAGE OF WORKING CAPITAL
  • 46 5.25 Reason for shortage of working capital
  • 19 Reasons for the shortage of working capital
  • Adequacy of initial investment of working capital
  • 47 5.26 Initial investment on Working capital and shortage
  • Shortage of working capital and Credit policy
  • 48 5.27 Product wise distribution of units by period of credit
  • 49 5.28 Proportion of outstanding debts to, working capital
  • Credit facilities available from suppliers
  • 50 5.29 Distribution of units availing credit facilities.
  • 51 5.30 Distribution of units availing credit and amount payable
  • 52 5.31 Main features of Credit policy
  • Working Status and Sustainability
  • 20 Working status of Sample units
  • 53 5.32 Working status of women enterprises
  • Business Tradition and Sustainability
  • Type of Organisation and sustainability
  • 54 5.33 Business tradition and sustainability of enterprise
  • 55 5.34 Type of organisation and sustainability of enterprise
  • 21 Type of organization and of sustainability
  • Educational qualification and Sustainability
  • 56 5.35 Education of entrepreneurs and Sustainability of units
  • 22 Sustainability of units and Education of Entrepreneurs
  • Entrepreneurial Training and sustainability
  • 57 5.36 Entrepreneurs Trained and working status of units
  • 23 Entrepreneurial training and sustainability
  • Nature of production and sustainability of the unit
  • 58 5.37 Nature of Production and sustainability of units
  • VI. FUNCTIONING OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN KERALA
  • CONTENTS
  • Introduction
  • Entrepreneurial Traits
  • Motivation to start own enterprise
  • 59 6.1 Factors of Motivation to start own business unit
  • 24 Factors of motivation to start business unit
  • Business Awareness
  • 60 6.2 Distribution of units by Business awareness of entrepreneurs
  • 25 Project awareness of Entrepreneurs.
  • Role in Decision Making
  • 61 6.3 Involvement of family members in management
  • Market Awareness
  • 62 6.4 Entrepreneurs conducted market study
  • 63 6.5 Distribution of units conducted market study and sustainability of units
  • Nature of marketing channel
  • 64 6.6 Distribution of units by Product groups and distributionchannel
  • Selection of Location
  • Selection of product and product management
  • 65 6.7 Distribution of units by reason for selection of the location
  • 66 6.8 Reason for the selection of product
  • 67 6.9 Product wise distribution of units and reasons forselection of the product
  • Product management
  • 68 6.10 Distribution of units effected Product modification
  • Marketing & Price management
  • Pricing policy
  • 69 6.11 Strategy adopted to face competition
  • 70 6.12 Distribution of units by Method of Pricing
  • Level of self-satisfaction
  • Reasons for dissatisfaction
  • 71 6.13 Level of satisfaction among women entrepreneurs
  • 72 6.14 Reasons for dissatisfaction
  • Optimism and Determination
  • 73 6.15 Determination and optimism of entrepreneurs
  • Balancing of Roles
  • 74 6.16 Impact of Entrepreneurial duties on Household responsibilities
  • Entrepreneurship Success Quotient
  • Sustainability And Entrepreneurship Quotient
  • 75 6.17 Distribution of Entrepreneurship Success Quotient
  • 76 6.18 Distribution of mean score of ESQ
  • Education and entrepreneurial traits.
  • 78 6.19 Distribution by education and ESQ
  • Training and Entrepreneurial quotient
  • 79 6.20 Trained Entrepreneurs and Mean score of ESQ
  • Religious groups and entrepreneurial traits
  • 80 6.21 Distribution religious groups and ESQ
  • Business tradition and Entrepreneurial traits.
  • 81 6.22 Business tradition and average score of ESQ.
  • Correlation of Sustainability to Related Variables
  • 82 6.23 Correlation of sustainability to other variables
  • VII. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS
  • CONTENTS
  • 1 Introduction
  • 2 Summary of findings: Socio- Economic environment for entrepreneurship development
  • 3 Development of women entrepreneurship in Kerala
  • 4 Efficacy of Institutional / Governmental support
  • 5 Impact of New economic Policy on women entrepreneurship
  • 6 Profile of women enterprises in the state.
  • 7 Working status and Sustainability in the small-scale sector
  • 8 Prospects and Problems of women entrepreneurs
  • 9 Entrepreneurial strengths and weakness
  • 10 Entrepreneurship Success Quotient (ESQ)
  • 11 Suggestions
  • 1. Reset the role of government
  • 2. Refine the Institutional support
  • 3. Redefine the functions of District industries Centres
  • 4. Cultivate Entrepreneurial Culture And Provide EffectiveTraining To Potential Entrepreneurs.
  • 4. Revise Entrepreneurship Development Programmes (EDPs)
  • 5. Industrial incubators and clusters
  • 6. Technology development
  • 7. Policy of self employment
  • 8. Access to cheap Financial assistance
  • 9. Improve Marketing facilities
  • 11. Sea change in the mindset of entrepreneurs
  • 12. Formalize the Involvement of NGOs
  • further study
  • APPENDIX I Bibliography
  • APPENDIX II Institutional agencies for the Development of women Entrepreneurship.
  • APPENDIX III Interview Schedule