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TITLE
DECLARATION
CERTIFICATE
PREFACE
LIST OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
I. INTRODUCTION
Review of literature.
II. WOMEN AND NATURE OF INDIAN AGRICULTURE
CLASSIFICATION OF FEMALE AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS
1. THE LANDLESS WOMEN
2. THE NEAR-LANDLESS WOMEN
3. THE SIMPLE PEASANT WOMEN
4. THE RICH PEASANT WOMEN
INCREASING STRENGTH OF FEMALE AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS
Table 2.1. Trends in Distribution of Women Workers (1911-81)
THE MODE OF PRODUCTION AND PLACE OF WOMEN IN AGRICULTURE
III. AGRICULTURAL SITUATION IN KERALA.
Traditional System
Table 3.1. Distribution of Population into Major Communities and Castes in different regions of Kerala -1891.
Agriculture in Palghat
Present situation
Table 3.2. Agricultural Workers Distribution – Male / Female in Palghat District.
Table 3.3. The Literacy Rate in Palghat District – Male / Female Percentage.
IV. SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS OF WOMEN AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS.
Table 4.1. Religion X Forward / Backward of the Respondents in the Sample.
Literacy:
Table 4.2. Age X Education of the Female Agricultural Labourers.
Table 4.3. Education X Forward / Backward of the Female Agricultural Labourers.
Marital Status
Table 4.4. Marital Status of the Female Agricultural Laborers.
Table 4.5. Period of Marriage X Forward / Backward of the Female Agricultural Labourers.
LAND OWNERSHIP AND PRODUCTIVE ASSETS
Table 4.6. Land Ownership of the Female. Respondents.
Table 4.7. Particulars of Land Holdings of the Female Respondents.
Table 4.8. Paddy Land of the Female Respondents.
Table 4.9. Land Holdings X Forward / Backward of the Female Respondents.
Table 4.10. Paddy Land X Forward / Backward of the Female Respondents.
Housing condition
Table 4.11. Type of House of the Female Agricultural Labourers.
Table 4.12. Type of House X Forward / Backward of the Female Agricultural Labourers.
Occupation of parents
Occupation of husbands
Income pattern
Income pattern of family
Table 4.13. Family Income (per month) X Forward / Backward of the Female Agricultural Labourers.
Expenditure on Food and other things
Purpose and source of loan
Table 4.14. Purpose of Loan X Amount of the Female Agricultural Labour Families.
Work-situation and number of working days
Table 4.15. Number of Working Days (in a year) of the Female Agricultural Labourer.
Some special features in female headed households:
Purpose of Assistance (Loan) x Head of the H.H. of the female respondents
Table 4.17. Purpose of Assistance X Head of the H.H. of the Female Respondents.
Table 4.18. Family Income X Head of the H.H. of the Female Respondents.
Table 4.19. Number of Working days (in a year) X Head of the H.H. of the Female Respondents.
Table 4.20. Male Working Members in the Family X Head of the H.H. of the Female Respondents.
Table 4.21. Female Working Members X Head of the H.H. in the Female Respondents Family.
Table 4.22. Parents Life Better X Head of the H.H. of the Female Respondents.
Table 4.23. Pension X Head of the H.H. of the Female Respondents.
Table 4.24. Co-operation of the Officials X Head of the H.H. of the Female Respondents.
Table 4.25. (a) Educating the Daughters X Head of the Female Respondents.
Table 4.25. (b) Age of Pension X Head of the H.H. of the Female Agricultural Labourers.
Table 4.25. (c) Land Ownership X Head of the H.H. of the Female Respondents.
Table 4.25. (d) Religion X Head of the H.H. of the Female Respondents.
Table 4.25 (e) Forward / Backward X Head of the H.H. of the Female Respondents.
Table 4.26. Education X Head of the H.H. of the Female Agricultural Labourers.
Table 4.27. Suggestions X Type of Family of the Female Agricultural Labourers.
Table 4.28. Membership in Labour Welfare Board X Forward / Backward of the Female Agricultural Labourers.
V. THE POLICY AND PLAN OF DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA.
The First Five Year Plan (1951-56)
The Second Five Year Plan (1956-61)
The Third Five Year Plan (1961-66)
Annual Plans (1966-69)
The Fourth Five Year Plan (1969-74)
The Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-79)
Table 5.1. Plan Outlay, For the Fifth Five Year Plan.
The Sixth Five Year Plan (1980-85)
1.The Rural Works Programme (RWP) (1961)
2.The Rural Man-Power Programme (RMPP) (1969-70)
3. The Crash Scheme for Rural Employment (CSRE) (1971-72)
4. The Pilot Intensive Rural Employment Programme (PIREP) (1972)
5. Food for Work Programme (FWP) (1977-78)
6. Em ployment Guarantee Scheme (EGS) (1981)
7.National Rural Employment Programme (NREP) (1979-80)
8. District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) (1976)
9. The Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) (1979)
Seventh Five Year Plan
Eighth Five Year Plan (92-97): Strategy and Thrust
High lights of the frame work
Objectives
Strategy
VI. SOCIAL SECURITY FOR WEAKER SECTIONS.
Social Security in India
Kerala
Table 6.1. Details Regarding Pension Scheme in Kerala.
Social Security in the United Kingdom
Benefits
Sickness
Retirement
Social Security in U.S.A
Coverage of the Act
Social Security in the U.S.S.R.
Old age, disability and survivors benefits
Medfcal care sickness and Maternity Benefits
Social Security in China
Agricultural Sector
Social Security in the Aqricultural Sector
Europe
1. Medical Care
2. Sickness Benefit
3. Maternity Benefits
4. Old Ase Benefits
5. Invalidity Benefits
6. Survivors Benefit
7. -Em ployment Injury Benefits
8. Unemployment Benefits
9. Family Allowance
America (Central and South Part)
Africa
1. Medical Care and Sickness Benefits
2. Maternity Benefits
3. Old age benefits are not common in Africa
4. E-mp loyment Injury Benefits
5. Family Benefit
Social Security in Asia
Old Age Benefits
Social Security Measures
Some problems of old women agricultural workers
Welfare Measures for Agricultural Workers
Aqricultural Workers Pension Scheme 1980
VII. CONCLUSION
Programmes of Rural Development
FINDINGS
SUGGESTIONS
APPENDICES
APPENDIX - A: INTERVIEW SCHEDULE.
APPENDIX - B: VARIOUS TABLES
ABBREVIATIONS
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY