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Thesis Details
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TITLE
DEDICATION
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
PREFACE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Group V Semimetals and its oxides
1.3 Earlier studies on bismuth, antimony, bismuth oxide and antimony oxide
References
2. APPARATUS AND EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES USED IN THE PRESENT STUDY
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Methods of preparation of films
2.3 Resistive heating evaporation
Fig 2.1 Schematic diagram of a resistive heating set up
2.4 Production of vacuum
2.5 Oil sealed rotary pump
Fig 2.2 Cross-section of oil-sealed rotary pump
2.6 Diffusion pump
Fig. 2.3 Schematic diagram of cross-section of a diffusion pump.
2.7 vacuum coating plant
2.8 Substrate cleaning
Fig. 2.4 Schematic diagram of a vacuum coating unit
Fig. 2.5: Photograph of the thin film unit and the other instruments used in the laboratory
2.9 Substrate heater and temperature measurement
2.10 preparation of films
Fig. 2.0 Schematic diagram of the substrate heater used in the laboratory.
2.11 Sample annealing
Fig. 2.7 Block diagram of the temperature controller cum recorder
2.12 Measurement of thickness of film
2.12 (1) Optical Method (Multiple Beam Interferometry)
Tolanskys Fizeau Fringe Method
2.12 (2) Quartz Crystal Thickness Monitor
Fig. 2.8 Arrangement for Fizeau Fringes.
Fig. 2.9 Block diagram of quartz crystal thickness monitor.
2.13 Measurement of electrical conductivity
2.14 Conductivity cell
Fig.2.11 Schematic diagram of the cross-section of the conductivity cell
2.15 Electrometer
2.16 U.V-visible spectrophotometer
Fig 2. 12 Measurement of resistance using Keithley progammable electrometer (Model No 617) in V/1 mode
2.17 X-ray diffractometer
Fig. 2.13. Optical diagram of the spectrophotometer
References
3. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS IN BISMUTH, ANTIMONY, BISMUTH OXIDE AND ANTIMONY OXIDE THIN FILMS
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Theory
3.3 Bismuth
3.4 Antimony
3.5 Bismuth oxide
3.6 Antimony oxide
CONCLUSION
References
4. OPTICAL STUDIES IN BISMUTH, ANTIMONY, BISMUTH OXIDE AND ANTIMONY OXIDE THIN FILMS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Theory
4.3 Determination of energy band gap
4.4 Bismuth
4.5 Antimony
4.6 Bismuth oxide
4.7 Antimony oxide
CONCLUSION
References
5. X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDIES ON BISMUTH, ANTIMONY, BISMUTH OXIDE AND ANTIMONY OXIDE THIN FILMS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Theory
5.3 Bismuth
5.4 Antimony
5.5 Bismuth oxide
5.6 Antimony oxide
CONCLUSION
References
6. SUMMARY