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TITLE
DEDICATION
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
PREFACE
1. THEORIES AND TECHNIQUES OF CRYSTAL GROWTH-AN INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Thermodynamics of crystal growth
1.3 Nucleation
1.4 Theories of crystal growth
1.5 Crystal growth techniques
1.6 Rare earth compounds and present work
References
2. CRYSTAL GROWTH BY GEL METHOD
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Properties of the gel
2.3 Preparation of silica gel and its structural properties
2.4 Crystallization in gel medium
2.5 Nucleation control
References
3. STUDIES ON GROWTH KINETICS
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Hydrosilica gel as the growth medium
3.3 Chemistry of reaction
3.4 Preparation of hydrosilica gel
3.5 Preparation of supernatant solution
3.6 Growth of gadolinium dysprosium oxalate crystals
3.7 Growth of gadolinium praseodymium oxalate crystals
3.8 Growth of dysprosium praseodymium oxalate crystals
3.9 Observation on growth kinetics
3.10 Conclusion
References
4. SURFACE AND DISLOCATION STUDIES
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Morphology of crystals
4.3 Optical microscopy
4.4 Atomic force microscopy
Fig. 4.10 Crystal surface with smaller growth hillocks
4.5 Dislocation studies
4.6 Conclusion
Reference
5. CHARACTERIZATION OF THE GROWN CRYSTALS
5.1 Introduction
5.2 X-ray diffraction analysis
Fig.5.1 X-ray powder diffraction pattern of GDO crystal
Fig.5.2 X-ray powder diffraction patterns GPO crystal
5.3 Infrared spectroscopy
5.4 Thermal analysis
5.5 Spectroscopic techniques
5.6 Energy dispersive analysis by X-rays
References
6. STUDIES ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE GROWN CRYSTALS
6.1 Microhardness Studies
6.2 Magnetic Studies
6.3 Microwave dielectric studies
Fig.6.14 Experimental set-up
Reference
7. SPECTROSCOPIC PARA METERS OF Dy3+ AND Pr3+ IN GDO, GPO AND DPO CRYSTALS
7.1 Introduction
7, 2 Optical absorption studies
7.3 Oscillator strengths
7.4 Judd-Ofelt Analysis
7.5 Radiative parameters
7.6 Results and Discussion
7.7 Conclusion
References
8. GENERAL CONCLUSION
Scope for further research