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TITLE
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES., PLATES & APPENDICES
Plates
APPENDIX
INTRODUCTION
Literature Review
The Tragedy of the Commons
Impact of Silent Spring:
Methodology
Relevance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Post - Rio Environmentalism
Environmental Issues of Kerala
Agencies and Environmental Communication in Kerala.
The Need for Restoration of the Traditional Attitudes to Nature
Biophysical and Socio-Cultural Holism
The Problem of Resource Illiteracy
Negative influence of power lobbies and Government policies
The Relevance of Environmental Education
References
I. ANTECEDENTS HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Phases of development of environmentalism
Spaceship Earth
1970s: New Dimension - Education for Environment
National Environmental Policy Act and Environmental Impact Assessment
Earth Day of 1970: The foundation of modern environmentalism
Nature in the Philosophical Tradition of India
The Gaia Hypothesis
Deep Ecology Vs Shallow Ecology
Environmental Organizations of the 1970s
Peoples Green Movement in Kerala
Limits to Growth - 1972
Fig. I Limits to Growth Predictions
Cornucopia and global change
Fig. 2 Categories of mineral resources and other natural resources
Global change perspective
Stockholm Conference of 1972
Impact of Stockholm Conference
Post -Stockholm Waves
The World Environment Day
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP -1973)
Earth Watch and Global Environmental Monitoring System (GEMS)
Multilateral environmental agreements
The Cocoyoc Declaration
Energy Crisis of 1973-1974
The UNESCO-UNEP International Environmental Education Programme (IEEP) 1975.
The World Conservation Strategy - 1980
World Commission On Environment And Development (WCED) - 1987
Awareness through accidents and disasters
The Rio- Earth Summit - 2002
Monitoring and Analysis of the Environment
International Conventions Aimed at Solving Global Environmental Problems
The Convention on the Law of the Sea - 1994 (UNCLOS)
The Desertification Convention - 1994
The Biodiversity Convention
Educating for Biodiversity in India
Earth Summit Plus 5: 1997
Programme for the Further Implementation of Agenda 21
Concern about the global risks posed by hazardous substances like Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD)
Post-Rio Environmentalism
Radical Environmental Groups.- Green Radicalism
Strengthening of the concept of holism
Culture of Consumerism and Sustainable Development Ethics.
Environmental Education for Sustainable Development
Environmental Justice
New Consciousness: Green Romanticism.
Eco-theology
New Politics: Green Rationalism
Political and Ecological Communication
The Communicative Rationality of Ecological Democracy
Green Democracy: Political Alternative
References
II. ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION THE CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND
Towards the Rationality of Ecological Communication
Communication as a Social Operation
Conceptualizing Environmental Communication
The Concept of World Society
The Concept of Resonance
The Concept of System Differentiation
Anxiety, Morality and Theory
Restriction and Amplification
Codes, Criteria, Programmes
The Natural Environment
The Concept of Socio-cultural and Economic Environment
Interactions between the Natural and Cultural
Homeostasis and Resilience
Environmental Crisis
Global Nature of Problems
Environment: a political issue
Perspectives of Ecological Social Education
The 3A + SP Principle
Curriculum for Environmental Education
Limitations of Environmental Education
Environmental Education for the Common People
Environmental Education through Laws
Environmental Ethics and Morality
Environmental Justice and Development
The call for De industrializing the society
Linkage between Biological and Cultural Diversity
Indigenous Culture
Eco - feminism
Environmental Action
Environmental Revolution
References
III. COMMUNICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF KERALA
Communicative Rationality about Environmental Problems of Kerala
Reports of the Kerala State Legislative Assembly Committee on Environment
1) Report on the three fresh water lakes of Kerala
2) Report on Mining by a Public Sector Industry.
3) Report on Deforestation in Different Parts of Kerala
4) Report on Destruction of Forests in Nelliampathi
Fig. 3 Distribution of Forests in Kerala
5) Report on Deforestation in Kavilumpara and Maruthomkara Panchayat
6) Report on Environmental Pollution at Sabarimala and nearby places during Pilgrimage Season.
7) Report on the Rudravanam Project (1993-1995)
8) Report on the Crematorium in Municipal Corporations
9) Reports on Drinking Water Issues
10) Report on the Stone Crusher Units in Kerala
11) Report on Oil Pollution by Refineries
12) Report on Epidemics in Kerala
13) Report on Biomedical Waste Management
14) Report on Coastal Erosion
Fig. 4 Erosional and Accretional Trends of Kerala Coast
15) Report on Problems of Plastic Waste
16) Report on Pollution Problems of Alleppey- Kuttanadu Region
Colonization of Inland Waters by Floating Water Weeds.
1 African Algae covered waters of Kodoor River
17) Report on Waste Management Problems in the Cities and Towns
Communication for Waste Management
Growing Awareness on Organic Treatment of Waste through Vermicomposting
Solid Waste Management
18) Water and Air Pollution
Air Quality Analysis of Cities
Fig. 5 Respirable Suspended Particulate Matter levels in 29 cities
Pesticide Pollution
Aerial Spraying of Endosulfan Pesticide
Noise Pollution
Environmental Problems of Tourism in Kerala
Increasing Incidence of Natural Disasters
Inadequate Natural Disaster Management
Mineral Water Poisoning
Communication on the Quality of Mineral Water through the Reports of Legislative Environment Committee
The Contamination of Soft Drinks: The Cococola- Plachimada issue
Death of the rivers of Kerala
Fig. 6 How to kill a river
Sand mining in the rivers of Kerala
Decreasing Rainfall Pattern and Increasing Drought
Groundwater Quality Problems of Kerala
Fig. 7 Annual Rainfall indifferent States of India
Fig. 8 Surface runoff and groundwater availability in different States of India
Problems related to ground water extraction structures
Communication for Water Management
Vanishing Mangrove Forests
Reclamation-Paddy fields turning into Townships
Fig. 9 Distribution of mangrove species in Kerala
2 & 3 Mangrove Forests
4 A vanishing scene of rice bowls of Kerala
Multicoloured Rain
Landslides in Kerala as a subject for communication
Mining and Environment
Environmental concerns about Black Sand Mining and Deep Sea Mining
Sinking of wells and diminishing water level
Biopiracy by Multinational Agribusiness Companies
Drought and Rainwater Harvesting
Environmental Impacts of Dams
Dams and the Human Consequences
Ecological Impacts of Monoculture
Saving biodiversity against homogeneity and uniformity of monoculture
Problems related to the disappearance of small animals.
Fast-disappearing sacred groves in Kerala.
Species invasion - an emerging environmental problem of the current century.
Hotspots of Corporate Excesses in Kerala
Increasing Environmental Refugees in Kerala
References
IV. DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION IN KERALA THROUGH NON GOVERNMENTAL / VOLUNTARY AND GOVERNMENT AGENCIES
Diversity of environmental movements
Creating environmental awareness among students and public
Communication through Nature Education Camps for children
Creating scientific attitude and scientific temper
Communication through mass environmental education programmes on nature and science
National Environmental Awareness Campaign as a Mass Education Programme
Fig. 10 Number of Voluntary Agencies participated in the National Environment Awareness Campaign (NEAP)
Fig. 11 Fund Allowed for NEAP 1993-2003
Communication through the promotion of appropriate technology for sustainabledevelopment
Communicative training programmes on eco-development strategies
Multimedia graphics and audiovisuals as media for ecological communication
Communication through traditional methods - workshops, seminars, discussion etc
Dissemination of Environmental knowledge through research and technology development
Fig. 12 Programmes conducted for Eco-fraternity
Fig. 13 Seminars, Workshops and Nature Study Camps -graphical Presentation
Rural development projects for environmental communication
Communication through dealing with socio-economic problems
Empowering women for gender equality and to ensure human rights and child rights
Communication through focussing specific environmental issues of women.
Biodiversity Survey through peoples participation in environmentalcommunication
Value-added products as a medium for environmental communication
Environmental awareness and pollution control through peoples participation
Panchayat Level Resource Mapping through Peoples Participation. A LandLiteracy Programme.
Programmes for attitudinal change in children
Environmental Orientation to School Education through C.P.Ramaswamy Aiyar Environmental Education Centre, Chennai.
Communication through Exposure Visits
Communication for creating public interest in natural history
NGOs focusing on specific target groups and programmes
Protest groups against deforestation as a medium for communication
Communication in action through afforestation programmes
Coastal development programmes and environmental communication
Extension work and campaign for environmental communication
Citizens action groups for environmental communication
Wild Life Protection Endeavours for Ecological Communication
Communication for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
Communication through promoting renewable energy programmes
Land Use Board and Earth Sciences to protect agricultural land against depletion
Inter relations and net work communication
Ecological Agriculture Development Alternatives and Research (CEDAR)
Organizations dealing with multidimensional problems and integrated educational approach
Communication through environmental movements and social conflicts
Organizations involved in tribal development and welfare
Prathishtanam Fellowship for Ecospirituality
Involvement of artistes and poets in environmental communication.
Environmental knowledge through magazines and journals
Communication through the Culture and Traditions of Kerala.
The Village Ecodevelopment Component (VEC)
Methods for Environmental Communication
Modern vs Traditional Methods
Civil Society Approach
Protest Movements as a Means of Communication
Different Approaches to the Environment in Kerala
Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad (KSSP) bringing science and literacy to people
Social Strategies devoid of applied technological innovation and diffusion.
Radical resistance to unsound projects Vs uncritical acceptance of Unsound Units
Lessons from Silent Valley
References
ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
Fig. 14 Environmental Concern among five different groups: A random sample study
Fig. 15 Number of Voluntary Agencies participated in the National Environment Awareness Campaign 1993 - 2003 and the percentage of impart
Fig. 16 Rise of Environmental Pollution and Awareness Levels during the period 89-2004 in Kerala (Eco-fraternity)
Fig. 17 Rough Estimate of the total % of people communicated through the various methods / means / programmes in Kerala
A Drinking quality problems of Kerala
B. Environmental NGOs / GOs in Kerala
C. National Environment Awareness Campaign - Themes and Voluntary Agencies involved
D Eco Fraternity -Details of Environmental Education Programmes
E CPREEC - Scheme- of Environmental Orientation to School Education
F Environmental Education Programmes
BIBLIOGRAPHY