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TITLE 1
TITLE 2
DEDICATION
DECLARATION
CERTIFICATE
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
2 MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Physico-chemical characteristics of water in the study sites
2.1.1 Temperature
2.1.2 pH
2.1.3 Salinity
2.1.4 Dissolved oxygen
2.1.5 Hydrogen sulphide
2.1.6 Carbondioxide
2.1.7 Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
2.1.8 Hardness
2.1.9 Alkalinity
2.1.10 Total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC)
2.1.11 Turbidity
2.1.12 Nitrate
2.1.13 Phosphate
2.1.14 Silicate
2.1.15 Primary productivity
2.2 Phytoplankton study
2.3 Bioassay procedures
2.3.1 lsolation of test organism
2.3.2 Culture conditions
2.3.3 Growth measurements
2.3.3.1 Measurement of cell concentration
2.3.3.2 Measurement of productivity
2.3.3.3 Quantitative estimation of algal pigments
2.3.3.4 Estimation of biochemical compounds
1. Protein
2. Carbohydrate
2.4 Photography
2.5 Statistical analysis
Fig. 2.1 Map of Kerala State in India, showing study Area
Fig. 2.2 Back water stream of Cochin showing the study area
Plate 2.1.a Stock cultures of test organism
Plate 2.1.b Experimental set up
Plate 2.2.a Station I - Retting area (Mls Poothotta Coir Mats 3and Mattings Co - operative Society Ltd. No. 334)
Plate 2.2.b Retting pit
Plate 2.3.a Raw material for liming in the boats near the kiln
Plate 2.3.b Raw material taken to the factory
Plate 2.4.a Cleaning of raw material
Plate 2.4.b Liming industry effluent outlet
Plate 2.5.a Liming industry (Mls Chemtech Industries)
Plate 2.5.b Kiln
Plate 2.6.a Fish peeling inside the shed (Mls PoopanaSeafoods, Palluruthy)
Plate 2.6.b Outlet of peeling shed
Plate 2.7.a Water body near peeling shed showing froth
Plate 2.7.b Water body near peeling shed showing solid waste
Piate 2.8 Control station
3 OBSERVATION AND RESULTS
3.1 Effect of cottage industry effluents on water quality
3.1.1 Temperature
3.1.2 Hydrogen Ion concentration - pH
3.1.3 Salinity
3.1.4 Dissolved oxygen
3.1.5 Carbondioxide
3.1.6 Hydrogen sulphide
3.1.7 BOD
3.1.8 Hardness
3.1.9 Alkalinity
3.1.10 Total dissolved solids (TDS)
3.1.11 Electrical conductivity
3.1.12 Turbidity
3.1.13 Nitrate - nitrogen
3.1.14 Phosphate - phosphorus
3.1.15 Silicate - silica
3.1.16 Primary productivity
3.1.17 Phytoplankton distribution in study sites
3.2 Analysis of effluents
3.2.1 Analysis report of retting effluent
3.2.2 Analysis report of liming effluent
3.2.3 Analysis report of peeling shed effluent
3.3 lmpact of cottage industry effluents on phytoplankton
3.3.1 Impact of retting effluent on Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
3.3.2 Impact of liming industry effluent on Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
3.3.3 Impact of peeling shed effluent on Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
Table 3.1 ANOVA tables for different parameters and seasons for retting zone
Table 3.2 ANOVA tables for different parameters andseasons for liming zone
Table 3.3 ANOVA tables for different parameters andseasons for peeling shed zone
Table 3.4 ANOVA tables for different parameters andseasons for control zone
Table 3.5 ANOVA tables for different parameters and stations
Table 3.15 ANOVA tables showing the effect of retting effluent on the growth, pigment content and bio-chemical compoundsof Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck-between concentrations
Table 3.16 ANOVA tables showing the effect of retting effluent onthe carbon production of Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneckbetween concentrations
Table 3.17 ANOVA tables showing the effect of retting effluent onthe growth, pigment content and bio-chemical compoundsof Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck - between duration
Table 3.18 ANOVA tables showing the effect of retting effluent onthe carbon production of Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneckbetween duration
Table 3.19 ANOVA tables showing the effect of liming effluent onthe growth, pigment content and bio-chemical compoundsof Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck-between concentrations
Table 3.20 ANOVA tables showing the effect of liming effluent onthe carbon production of Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneckbetween concentrations
Table 3.21 ANOVA tables showing the effect of liming effluent onthe growth, pigment content and bio-chemical compoundsof Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck - between duration
Table 3.22 ANOVA tables showing the effect of liming effluent onthe carbon production of Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneckbetween duration
Table 3.23 ANOVA tables showing the effect of peeling shed effluenton the growth, pigment content and bio-chemical compoundsof Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck - between concentrations
Table 3.24 ANOVA tables showing the effect of peeling shed effluenton the carbon production of Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneckbetween concentrations
Table 3.25 ANOVA tables showing the effect of peeling shed effluenton the growth, pigment content and bio-chemical compoundsof Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck - beween duration
Table 3.26 ANOVA tables showing the effect of peeling shed effluenton the carbon production of Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneckbetween duration
Fig.3.1 Atmospheric Temperature in the study sites
Fig.3.2 Water Temperature in the study sites
Fig.3.3 pH in the study sites
Fig.3.4 Salinity In the study sites
Fig.3.5 Dissolved Oxygen in the study sites
Fig.3.6 Carbon dioxide in the study sites
Fig.3.7 Hydrogen sulphide in the study sites
Fig.3.8 BOD in the study sites
Fig.3.9 Hardness in the study sites
Fig.3.10 Alkalinity in the study sites
Fig.3.11 TDS in the study sites
Fig.3.12 Electrical Conductivity in the study sites
Fig.3.13 Turbidity in the study sites
Fig.3.14 Nitrate in the study sites
Fig.3.15 Phosphate in the study sites
Fig.3.16 Silicate in the study sites
Fig.3.17 GPP in the study sites
Fig.3.18 NPP in the study sites
Fig.3.19 Impact of effluents on the growth of Chlorella ellipsoidea, Gerneck
Fig.3.20 lmpact of retting effluent on the pigment content of Chlorelln ellipsoiden, Gerneck
Fig.3.21 Impact of liming effluent on the pigment content of Chlorella ellipsoidea, Gerneck
Fig.3.22 Impact of peeling shed effluent on the pigment content of Chlorella ellipsoidea, Gerneck
Plate 3.1a Scenedesmus bijuga
Plate 3.1b Coscinodiscus sp.
Plate 3.1c Thallasionema sp.
Plate 3.1d Thallasiosira sp.
Plate 3.1e Bacillaria paradoxa
Plate 3.1f Triceratium sp.
Plate 3.2a Skeletonerna costaturn
Plate 3.2b Melosira sulcata
Plate 3.2c Rhizosolenra styliformis
Plate 3.2d Arnphiphora gigantea
Plate 3.2e Pleurosigma elongaturn
Plate 3.2f Chlorella ellipsoidea
Plate 3.3 (a - f) (a) Oscillatoria sp. (b) Spirogyra sp. (c) Navicula longata (d) Nitzschia panduriformis (e) Zygnema sp. (f) Nitzschia seriata
Plate 3.4 (a - h) (a) Pinnularia sp. (b) Pediastrum sp. (c) Tetraedron sp. (d) Chlorella sp. (e) Cyclotella sp. (f) Ankistrodesmus sp. (g) Micrasterias sp. (h) Agmenellum sp.
Plate 3.5 (a - h) (a) Anacystis sp. (b) Melosira sp. (c) Synedra sp. (d) Skeletonema sp. (e) Desmidium sp. (f) Spirogyra sp. (g) Zygnema sp. (h) Nitzschia sp.
Plate 3.6 Effect of effluents on Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck
a Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck in Ward and Parishmedium (Control)
b. Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck in 80% rettingeffluent
c. Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck in 80% limingindustry effluent
d Chlorella ellipsoidea Gerneck in 10% peelingshed effluent
4 DISCUSSION
5 CONCLUSION
SUMMARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY