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TITLE
DECLARATION
CERTIFICATE
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
ABBREVIATIONS
Preface
I. Introduction and Methodology
1. l Introduction
1.2 Emergence and Growth of Trade Unionism
1.3 Evolution of Industrial Relations
1.4 Industrial Relations in Ancient India
1.5 Introduction of Factory System
1.6 Definition and Concepts
1.7 Gandhian Theoretical Framework
1.8 Theme of the Study
1.9 Relevance and Scope of the Study
1.10 Hypotheses of the Study
1.11 Objectives of the Study
1.12 Methodology
1.13 Setting of the Study
1.14 Limitations of the Study
1.15 Organisation of the Study
References
II. Review of Literature
References
III. Historical Background of Trade unionism In India
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Workers Organisation - A Necessity and its Realisation in India
3.3 History of Indian Trade Union
The Central Trade Unions
Comparative Study of Four Original Central Organisations
3.4 Labour Legislation
3.5 Trade Union and Related Legislation
3.6 Functions of Unions
3.7 Objectives of Trade Unions
3.8 Reasons for Workers to join Trade Unions
3.9 Essentials of a Successful Trade Union
3.10 Advantages and Disadvantages of Trade Unions
3.11 Patterns and Structure of Unions in India
3.12 Types of Unions
3.13 Factors Affecting the Growth of Trade Unions
3.14 Statutory Necessities of Trade Unions. References
References
IV. Trade Unionism in Kerala
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Historical Growth of Trade Unionism in Kerala
4.3 Trade Unionism: Post-Independent Period
4.4 Causes for Trade Union Growth in Kerala
4.1 Trade Unions and Membership in Kerala
4.5 District wise Variations of Unionism
4.2 District- wise Total Number of Trade Unions
4.6 Labour Problems and Wage Rates
4.3 Industrial disputes arose, handled, settled etc., in Kerala
4.7 Kottayam District Profile
Present Status in Industries
4.8 Trade Union Growth in Kottayam District
References
V. Human Relations in Industry - Role of Trade Unions
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Human Elements in Trade Unionism
5.1.2 Age and Sex
5.1 Sex of the Respondents
5.1.3 Religion
5.2 Religion of the Respondents
5.1.4 Educational Qualifications
5.3 Opinion regarding the importance of education
5.4 Exploitation of Illiterate Workers by the Union Leaders.
5.1.5 Membership Pattern.
5.5 Trade Union Membership - Whether Voluntarily joined
5.6 Preferences on the basis of the Usefulness of the Trade Unions
5.1 Trade Union Membership - Whether Voluntarily Joined
5.1.6 Organisation of Unions
5.7 Opinion of Managerial Personnel about Organising Trade Unions
5.1.7 Grievances
5.8 Trade Unions are Essential for the Redressal of the Grievances of the Workers
5.1.8 Motivation for Joining a Trade Union
5.9 Motivation in Joining a Trade Union
5.1.9 Present Attitude of Workers Towards Trade Union
5.10 Opinion of Workers towards Present Functioning of Trade Union
5.2 Opinion of Workers towards Present Functioning of Trade Unions
5.2 Democracy in Trade Unions
5.2.1 Election of Trade Union Leaders
5.2.2 Trade Union and Democracy
5.11 Election of Trade Union Leaders
5.2.3 Concept of Workers Participation
5.12 Trade Union and Democracy
5.3 Collective Bargaining
5.3.1 Collective Bargaining as a Method of Wage Fixation
5.3.2 Satisfaction in Wage Increment
5.13 Satisfaction in Wage Increments
5.3.3 Collective Bargaining and Economic Aspect
5.14 Collective Bargaining Deals with Economic Aspects Only
5.15 Collective Bargaining and Workers Facilities
5.3.4 Collective Bargaining and Redressal of Grievances
5.4 Sectarian Considerations
5.3 Collective Bargaining and Redressal of Grievances
5.4.1 Unions Attitude Towards Management
5.16 Unions Pro- management Attitude
5.4.2 Management Sectarian affiliation and Relationship with Workers
5.17 Managements Sectarian Affiliation and Relationship with the Workers
5.4.3 Sectarian Leaders Direct Influence on the Workers
5.18 Sectarian Leaders Influence on the Workers of the Same Sect
5.4.4 Workers Sectarian Consideration to the Management
5.19 Opinion regarding Workers Sectarian Consideration to the Management
5.4.5 Sectarian Affiliation Influences the Workers in their Participation in Trade Union Activities
5.20 Sectarian Affiliation influence the Workers in their Participation in Trade Union Activities
5.4 Workers Sectarian Consideration to the Management
5.5 Uneven Growth and Small size of Unions
5.6 Financial Weakness of the Union
5.21 Membership Fees by the Workers
5.22 Financial Soundness of Trade Union is a Prerequisite
5.23 Financial Soundness of Union while going for a Strike
5.24 External Financing of and by Unions
5.7 Multiplicity of Unions and Inter union Rivalry
5.25 Inter union Rivalry helps the Management in Prolonging the Settlement of Issues
5.26 Multiunionism Divide the Bargaining Power of the Union
5.27 In Multiunionism None of the Unions will take up the Cause of the Workers Seriously
5.28 Attitude of Management towards Multiplicity of Unions
5.29 Discriminative Attitude of the Management
5.30 Multiunionism Facilitates the Management Making the Unions Fight among Themselves
5.31 Uniunionism or Multiunionism in Promoting Workers Interest
5.32 Multiplicity of Trade Unions Helped the Growth of Trade Unionism in Kerala
5.33 Multiplicity of Unions and Management-labour relations
5.7.1 Strike
5.34 Opinion of the Workers regarding Redressal of their Grievances
5.35 Strike for a Legitimate Cause Even Rival Union should not Refrain from it
5.36 Strike Organised by one Union Fails due to the Opposition of Other Unions
5.37 Strike Causes Economic Hardships to the Workers
5.38 Organise Strike only when all Other Methods Fail
5.8 Leadership Issue
5.39 Outside Leadership will Hamper the Trade Union Leadership
5.40 Professional Trade Union Leaders are necessary
5.41 Dedicated Leaders originated from within the Industry
5.42 Outside Leaders never go to the Core of the Trade Union Problems
5.43 Members do not Welcome Outside Leadership
5.9 Politicisation of Unions
5.44 Politicians had given Strong Leadership to Trade Unions
5.45 Unions led by Politicians of the Opposition Party have better Fighting Power
5.46 Whether Political Allegiance of the Management would Influence the Attitude of the Employees
5.47 The Trade Union Movement can be made more Effective and Beneficial for the Workers if the Trade Union was without Political Affiliation
5.48 When the Trade Unions Affiliated to some of the Political Parties come into power they would lean towards the Management
5.49 The Trade Unions which are Affiliated to the Opposition Parties usually become Hostile to the Management
5.50 Leader would lose his Leadership Position if he goes against the Direction of the Political Party
5.51 An Indigenous Working Class can Emerge only when Trade Unions are not Affiliated to the Political Parties
5.52 Workers should Participate in a Strike organised for Promoting Political Causes
5.53 Political parties - Their own Interest vs. Workers interest
5.10 Labour Absenteeism
5.10.1 Concept
5.10.2 Causes of Absenteeism
5.5 Workers Responses regarding Reasons for Absenteeism
5.54 When the Permanent Workers Retire do you like to Recruit New Ones in their place?
5.55 Do you find that it is Advantageous to your interest to Maintain only Casual workers instead of Permanent Workers
5.11 Conclusion
References
VI. Trade Union Leadership
6.1.1 The Concept of Leadership
6.1.2 Leadership Functions
6.1.3 Dimensions in Trade Union Leadership
6.1.4 Big Name Leaders
6.1.5 Politics and Union Leadership.
6.1.6 Leadership and Motivation
6.2.1 Leaders in Action
6.1 Why Non-worker Leaders for Working Class
6.2 Upper Middle Class Dominated Union Leadership
6.3 Accessibility of Trade Union Leaders to Workers
6.4 Efforts by Leaders for Redressal of Grievances of Workers
6.2.2 Factors contributing to the emergence of Trade Union Movements
6.5 Age of the Trade Union Leaders
6.6 Social Reasons
6.7 Economic Reasons
6.2.3 Membership Drive
6.2.4 Leaders Perception of Members Expectations
6.2.5 Union Goals and Leaders Achievement
6.2.6 Leaders Perception of Initial Goals of the Unions
6.8 Initial goal of the Trade union
6.2.7 Leaders Perception of the Present Goals of the Unions
6.9 Present Goals of the Unions
6.2.8 Factors Contributing to the Leaders Success
6.10 Factors Contributing to the Leaders success
6.2.9 Strategies and Weapons of Union Leaders
6.11 Behaviour of Management Personnel During Negotiation
6.12 Strategies Followed by Union Leaders during Negotiation for Achieving Results
6.13 Factors Contributing to Strength of leaders in Bargaining with Management
6.2.10 Reasons for Failure and Pursuance of Unsolved Issues
6.14 Reasons for Failure / Partial Success in Strike
6.15 Factors that leaders should consider in taking the strike decisions
6.2.11 Participation in Management
6.16 Suggested Area of Employee Participation in Management
6.17 Benefits of Workers Participation in Management
6.18 Anti-union Attitudes of the Management towards Union
6.2.12 Managerial Personnels Opinion Regarding Leadership
6.19 Outside Political Leadership Stands in the way of Intimate Relationship between Managers and the Workers
6.20 Outside Political Leadership is Harmful to the Interest of the Workers
6.21 Outside Political Leadership Exploits the Workers
6.22 Trade Union Leaders Indulge in Corrupt Practices
6.2.13 Conclusion
References
VII. Labour Welfare and Social Security
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Objectives of Labour Welfare
7.3 Approaches to Labour Welfare
7.4 Principle of Labour Welfare
7.5 Classification of Labour Welfare Work
7.6 Welfare Programmes for Organised Sectors
7.7 Social Security Measures
7.8 Social Security in India
7.9 Recent Trends
7.10 Benefits and Welfare Schemes of Employees of MRF, HNL, Kottayam Textiles, Travancore Cements Ltd.
References
VIII. Gandhian Vision of Trade Unionism
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Trusteeship in Industry
8.3 Meaning of Trusteeship
8.4 Gandhiji and the Trade Union Movement
8.5 Gandhian Approach
8.5.1 Gandhiji s Concept of Industrial Relations and its Influence on Indian Labour Policy
8.6 The Ahmedabad Experiment.
8.7 Gandhian Perspective on Capital Labour Relationship.
8.8 Gandhian Ideology in Action
8.1 Opinion of the Workers on External Advisers as Contemplated by Gandhiji
8.2 Opinion of the Trade Union Leaders on External Advisers as Contemplated by Gandhiji
8.3 Opinion of the Workers about Gandhian idea of Finding out Alternative Work during Strike Period
8.4 Opinion of the Trade union Leaders about Gandhian idea of Finding out Alternative Work during Strike Period
8.5 Opinion of the Workers about Gandhian Socialism
8.6 Trade Union Leaders Opinion about Gandhian Socialism
8.7 Opinion of the Managers about the Gandhian Socialism
8.8 Workers opinion about Gandhijis idea of using truth and non-violence as the means to be adopted
8.9 Opinion of the Trade Union Leaders about Gandhijis idea of using Truth and Non-violence as the Means to be adopted
8.10 Opinion of the Managers about Gandhiji s Idea of using Truth and Non-violence as the Means to be Adopted
8.11 Opinion of the Workers regarding Gandhian View of Justice
8.12 Opinion of the Trade Union Leaders regarding Gandhian View of justice
8.13 Opinion of the Managers regarding Gandhian View of Justice
8.14 Opinion of the Workers about Gandhian views of Intrusion of Politics into trade Unionism
8.15 Opinion of the Trade Union Leaders about Gandhian views of Intrusion of Politics into Trade Unionism
8.16 Opinion of the Managers about Gandhian views of Intrusion of Politics into Trade Unionism
8.17 Opinion of the Workers about rights originate from duties
8.18 Opinion of the Leaders regarding
8.19 Opinion of the Workers regarding the Gandhain vision of raising the moral and intellectual heights of labour
8.20 Opinion of the Leaders regarding the Gandhain vision of raising the moral and intellectual heights of labour
8.21 Opinion of the Managers regarding the Gandhian vision of raising the moral and intellectual heights of labour
8.22 In the event of disputes between capital and labour the union was to endeavour not to achieve victory but to secure a just solution - Opinion of the Workers
8.23 In the event of disputes between capital and labour the union was to endeavor not to achieve victory but to secure a just solution - Opinion of the Leaders
8.24 In the event of disputes between capital and labour the union was to endeavour not to achieve victory but to secure a just solution-Opinion of the Managers
8.25 Opinion of the workers-Gandhian ideology of Morality and Ethics
8.26 Opinion of the leaders Gandhian ideology of Morality and Ethics
8.9 Conclusion
8.27 Opinion of the managers on Gandhian ideology of Morality and Ethics
References
IX. Conclusion and Policy Implications
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Findings
9.3 Suggestions
9.4 Gandhis Answer to the Problem
Means too are important
9.5 Policy Implications and Conclusion
References
Select Bibliography
APPENDIX 1 LIST OF LARGE AND MEDIUM SCALE UNITS IN KOTTAYAM DISTRICT
APPENDIX 2 INTERVIEW SCHEDULE FOR WORKERS
APPENDIX 3 INTERVIEW SCHEDULE FOR TRADE UNION LEADERS
APPENDIX 4 lNTERVlEW SCHEDULE FOR MANAGEMENTS