Online Thesis Search Results

TITLE
DECLARATION
CERTIFICATE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
I. INTRODUCTION & REVIEW OF LITERATURE
INTRODUCTIOIY
Immune defects in Cancer- patients
Immune defects in Carcinogenesis
Immune defects in chemo: ~nd radiotherapy
Tumour Immunology
lmmunotherapy in Cancer
Immunomodulators of plant origin
Withania somnifera
Objectives of the study in general
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Different treatment modalities of cancer
Surgery
Chemotherapy
Table 1 Chemotherapeutic agents
Side effects of chemotherapy
Carcinogenicity of Chemotherapy
Radiotherapy
Principles of Radiation therapy
Radiation techniques
Adverse effects of Radiation
Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
Endocrine therapy
Toxicities associated with endocrine therapy
Thermotherapy
Immunotherapy in Cancer
A Cytokines as therapeutic agents
1. Interleukin - 1 (IL-1)
2. lnterleukin - 2 (IL-2)
3. lnterleultin -3 (IL-3)
4. Interleukin - 4 (IL-4)
5. Interleukin-6 (EL-6)
6. Interleukin-l l jlL-l I)
7. Interleukin -12 (IL-12)
8. Interferon (IFN)
9. Interferon - y
10. Turnour necrosis factor
B. Haematopoietic growth factors in cancer therapy
1. Erythropoietin
2. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
3. Granulocyte - M: ~crophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
4. Macrophage colony stimuling factor (M-CXF)
5. Transforming growth factors
6. Thrornbopoietin
Toxicity of biologic therapy
C. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs)
1. Murine monoclon; ll: intibodies
2. Chimeric, human and humanized monoclonal antibodies
Imaging studies with Radiolabelled: intibodies.
D. Targeted therapy
1. Immunotoxins
2. Chimeric toxins
E. Adoptive cellular therapy, gene therapy and cancer vaccines
TUMOUR IMMUNOLOGY
Tumour antigens
Tumour Escape mechar~isms
1. Sneaking through
2. Antigenic modulation
3. Masking of surface antigens
4. Induction of lmmune tolerance
5. Production of blockirlg antibodies
Effector mechanisms resulting in tumour cell destruction
a. Antibodies
b. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)
c. Natural killer cells (NI<)
d. Macrophages
Immunomodulators
Immumodulators of plant origin
Combination therapy
1. Radioirnrnunotherapy
2. Chemoimmunotherapy
3. Chemotherapy - endocrine therapy combin a t ~ o n
4. Surgery and chemotherapy
5. Surgery and radiation
6. Radiation and chemotherapy
7. Combination of chemotherapy and hyperthermia
8. Thermoradiotheraphy
Anticancer activity of plant extracts and derived compounds
Fig. Withania somnifera
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
I Chemicals
II. Test Compounds
III. Instruments & Devices
IV. Reagents and Buffers
V. Stains
VI. Tissue culture methods
VII. Maintenance of cell lines in tissue culture
VIII. Assessment of cell viability using trypan blue
IX Animals
X. Cell lines
XI Sheep Red blood cells (SRBC)
XII. Maintenance of tumour cells in mice.
XIII. Antitumour studies.
XIV Immunological Parameters
Determination of total leukocyte count
Differential count of leukocytes
Preparation of peritoneal macrophages (44)
Preparation of bonemarrow cells (43)
Determination of circulating antibody titre
Determination of antibody forming cells
Assay of lymphocyte 1 bonernarrowlthyrnus cell proliferation
Cr - release assays.
Determination of Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.
Determination of antibody - dependent cellular cytotoxicity
Determination of antibody - dependent complement mediated cytotoxicity
Determination of macrophage mediated cytotoxicity
XV. Histopathological techniques
XVI. Biochemical Parameters
Estimation of protein
Determination of hemoglobin
Determination of serum / tissue alkaline phosphatase
Serum/ tissue glutamate pyruvate transaminase
Determination of Total Protein and urea
Determination of serum lipid peroxides
Deterniination of tissue lipid peroxides
XVII. Determination of effect of Witlzania somnifera onantioxidant Enzymes
Estimation of Reducetl C; lutathione (GSH)
Estimation of cytosolic glutathione - S - transferase (GST) activity
Estimation of tissue catalase activity.
Estimation of tissue glutathione peroxidases (Gpx) activity
XVIII. Anti carcinogeriicity testing
XIX. Determination offt-equency of micronuclei induced byRadiation
XX Statistical Analysis
III. IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA
I. Introduction
II. Materials and rncthods
11.1. Chemicals
11.2 Animals
11.3 Drug treatment
11. 4. Determination of the efTect of Wtlzu~ziuso nirziferrr on the l~aematologicalparameters.
11. 5. Determination of the effect Withaniu somnij5eru on organ weight of mice.
11. 6. Determination of the effect of Witlzuniu sonzngeru on circulating antibodytitre.
11. 7. Determination of the effect of Witltuniu sontniferu on various lmn~unoglobulinlevel.
11. 8. Determination of the effect of J, Vi/irlrurrio su112nifer.cl on t i ~ ca ntibodyproducing cells.
11.9. Determination of the effect of Willruniu sonzniferr~ on the bonen~al-rowcellularity as well as tx-esterasc positive cells.
11. 10. Determination of the effect of Withania extract on delayed typehypersensitivity reaction (DTH)
11.11. Determination of effect of Mithania on the phagocytic activity ofmacrophages.
III. Results
III.1. Effect of Withuniu snnznifera on the haematological parameters.
III.2. Effect of Withaniu somnijeru an relative organ weights.
III.3. Effect of Withania somngera on circulating antibody titre.
III.4. Effect of Witl~uniaso nznifera on In~munoglobulinl evel.
III.5. Effect of Withunia sonznifera on antibody producing cells.
III. 6. Effect of Withunia.somrzifcru on the bone~narrowc ellularity and a-esterasepositive cells.
III.7 Effect of Witlruniusor~zni/~orun delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction.
III.8 Effect of Withuniu.son?niferu on phagocytic activity of peritonealmacrophages.
IV. Discussion
IV. EFFECT OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA ON CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
I. Introduction
II. R4aterials and Methods
III. Results
III.1 Effect of Withuniu somnifL.ra on lymphocytes blastogenesis.
III.2 Effect of Withania somnifera on thymocyte proliferation.
III.3 Effect of Withunia.omnijera on bonemarrow blastogenesis.
III.4 Effect of Withunia somngera on Natural killer cell activity (NIC)
III.5 Effect of Witlzuniu.sontn (feru on ADCC activity.
III.6 Effect of Withunia somniferu on ACC activity.
IV. Discussion
V. EFFECT OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA ON CYTOSINE AND CTL PRODUCTION
I. Introduction
II. Materials and methods
III. Results
IV. Discussion
VI. EFFECT OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA ON RADIATION INDUCED TOXICITY
I. Introduction
II. Materials and IClethods
III. Results
IV. Discussion
VII. EFFECT OF WITHANIA SOMNIFRA ON CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE INDUCED TOXICITY
I. Introduction
II. Materials and Methods
III. Results
IV. Discussion
Fig. 1 HISTOPATHOLOGY OF C.S. OF INTESTINE
Fig. (a) NORMAL
Fig. (b) CTX - I 1TH DAY
Fig. (c) CTX + WITHANIA - 11TH DAY
Fig. (d) CTX - 15TH DAY
Fig. (e) CTX + WITHANIA - 15TH DAY
Fig. 2 HISTOPATHOLOGY OF URINARY BLADDER
Fig. (a) NORMAL
Fig. (b) CTX ALONE 4h
Fig. (c) CTX + WITHANIA 4h
Fig. 3 HISTOPATHOLOGY OF URINARY BLADDER
Fig. (d) CTX AI, ONE 24h
Fig (e) LTX + WITHANIA 24h.
Fig. (0 CTX ALONE 48 h.
Fig. (g) CTX + WITHANIA 48h
VIII. EFFECT OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA ON CHEMICALLY INDUCED SKIN CARCINOGENESIS
I. Introduction
II. Materials and Methods.
III. Results
IV. Discussion
IX. EFFECTOF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA ALONG WITH CHEMO, RADIO AND THERMOTHERAPY ON SOLID TUMOUR REDUCTION
I. Introduction
II. Materials and Methods
III Results
IV. Discussion
X. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PAPERS PUBLISHED