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TITLE
CERTIFICATE-1
CERTIFICATE-2
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Preface
List of Abbreviations
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Polymer blends
1.2 Classification and preparation of polymer blends
1.2.1 Thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs)
1.2.2 Classification of thermoplastic elastomers
1 3 Thermodynamics of Miscibility
1.3.1 One phase polymer blends
1.4 Compatibility Predictions
1.4.1 Solubility parameter approach
1.5 Compatibilisation Strategy
1. 5.1 Physical compatibilisation
(a) Compatibilisation by block copolymers
(b) Compatibilisation by graft copolymer
(c) Compatibilisation by random copolymers
1.5.2 Reactive compatibilisation
1.6 Mechanism for phase morphology refinement
1.7 Effect of compatibilisation or interfacial thickness
1.8 Interfacial stability of the copolymer
1.9 Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Compatibiliser
1.9.1 Chemical nature of the compatibiliser
1.9.2 Copolymer chain microstructure
1 9.3 Molecular mass and composition of the Copolymer
1 9.4 Concentration of the copolymer
1.9.5 Mode of incorporation of the compatibiliser
1.10 Organisation of the Copolymer at the Blend Interface
1.11 Physical Versus Reactive Blending
1.12 Theories of compatibilisation
1.13 Other routes of compatibilisation
1.13. 1 Solution casting method
1. 13.2 Dynamic cross linking
1.14 Phase morphology development in physical blending
1.15 Effect of physical blending on phase morphology
1.16 Blends based on PS and PB
1.17 Scope and objective of the work
1.18 References
2. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
2.1 Materials
2.1.1 Polystyrene (PS)
2.1.2 Polybutadiene (PB)
2.1.3 Styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)
2.1.4 Poly (styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) rubber (SBS)
2.2 Preparation of the blends
2.3 Measurements
2.3.1 Phase morphology analysis
2.3.2 Analysis of morphological parameters
2.3.3 Co-continuity calculation / solvent dissolution
2.3.4 Static mechanical properties
2.3.5 Rheological measurements
2.3.5 (1) Extrudate morphology analysis
(2) Melt elasticity
2.3.6 Thermal properties
(1) Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
(2) Differential scanning calorimetric measurements (DSC)
2.3.7 Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)
2.3.8 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) studies
2.4 References
3. PHASE MORPHOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Results and discussion
3.2.1 Influence of mixing time
3.2.2 Influence of mixing temperature
3.2.3 Influence of rotor speed
3.2.4 Effect of blend ratio
3.2.5 Cocontinuity calculation
3.2.6 Effect of copolymer addition on dispersed phase size
3.2.7 Comparison with theory
3.2.8 Conformation of the copolymer at the interface
3.2.9 Influence of annealing
3.3 Conclusions
3.4 References
4. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Results and discussion
4.2.1 Influence of rotor speed
4.2.2 Influence of mixing temperature
4.2.3 Influence of mixing time
4.2.4 Effect of blend ratio
4.2.5 Modelling of tensile moduli
4.2.6 Tensile moduli of co-continuous regions
4.2.7 Effect of compatibilisation on mechanical properties
4.2.8 Effect of dynamic vulcanization
4.3 Conclusions
4.4. References
5. RHEOLOGICAL. PROPERTIES
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Results and discussion
5.2.1 Melt viscosity
5.2.2 Comparison with theoretical predictions
5.2.3 Effects of compatibilisation
5.2.4 Flow behavior index and consistency index values
5.2.5 Melt elasticity
5 2.5.1 Extrudate swell
5.2.5.2 Principal normal stress difference (T11-T22)
5.2.5.3 Recoverable shear strain (SR)
5.2.6 Extrudate morphology
5.2.6.1 Effect of blend ratio and shear rate
5.2.6.2 Effect of compatibilisation
5.3. Conclusions
5.4. References
6. THERMAL PROPERTIES
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Results and discussion
6.2.1 Effect of blend ratio
6.2.2 Effect of compatibilisation
6.2.3 Kinetics of degradation
6.2.4 Differential scanning calorimetry
6.3 Conclusion
6.4 References
7. DYNAMIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Results and discussion
7.2.1 Uncompatibilised Blends
7.2.2 Modulus-composition models
7.2.3 Effect of compatibilisation
7.2.4 Cole-Cole plot
7.2.5 Degree of entanglement density
7.3 Conclusion
7.4 References
8. NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Results and discussion
8.2.1 NMR spectroscopy of homopolymers
8.2.2 PS / PB incompatible blends
8.2.3 Effect of compatibilisation
8.3 Conclusions
8.4 References
9. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
9.1 Conclusions
9.2 Future scope of the work
9.2.1 Location of the Copolymer at the Interface
9.2.2 Calculation of Interfacial Thickness
9.2.3 Dynamically Vulcanised Blends
9.2.4 Transport Studies
9.2.5 Effect of Various Fillers
9.2.6 Gas Permeation Studies
9.2.7 Nanoparticles
9.2.8 Fabrication of Useful Products
APPENDIX
CURRICULUM VITAE
List of Publications