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  • TITLE
  • CERTIFICATE
  • DECLARATION
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
  • CONTENTS
  • LIST OF TABLES
  • LIST OF FIGURES
  • LEGEND
  • 1 INTRODUCTION
  • The Problem in Brief
  • Objectives of the Study
  • Hypotheses
  • Variables Studied
  • Database and Methodology
  • Survey Design
  • Pilot Study and Finalisation of Interview Schedules
  • Collection and Analysis of Data
  • Statistical Tools Used for Analysis
  • Resume of the Work Done
  • Reference Period
  • Concepts and Definitions Used in the Study
  • Limitations of the Study
  • Presentation of the Study
  • 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
  • FOOT NOTES
  • 3 GENESIS AND CONCEPT OF PRIORITY SECTOR LENDING
  • 1. Main Targets
  • 2. Other Targets
  • I. Agriculture
  • II. Small-scale Industries
  • III. Other Priority Sectors
  • IV. Government-Sponsored Programmes
  • RBI Bench Mark for Allocation of Credit
  • Priority Sector Lending by Foreign Banks
  • Priority Sector Lending by Regional Rural Banks
  • Priority Sector Lending by Urban Co-operative Banks
  • FOOT NOTES
  • 4 SOCIO-BANKING PROFILE OF KERALA STATE
  • Location
  • Formation of the State
  • Physiography
  • The Economy
  • Population
  • Banking in Kerala
  • Present Scenario of Commercial Banking
  • 1. Branch Expansion
  • Table 4.1 Progress of Commercial Banking at a Glance
  • Table 4.2 Rural Banking Scenario from June 1969 to March 2001
  • Table 4.3 District-Wise Distribution of All Scheduled Commercial Bank Offices in Kerala
  • 2. Deposit Mobilisation
  • Table 4.4 Progress in Deposit Mobilisation of all Scheduled Commercial Banks
  • Table 4.5 Average Amount of Deposits per Bank Office
  • Table 4.6 Rural Bank Deposit of all Scheduled Commercial Banks
  • Table 4.7 District-Wise Distribution of Deposits of all Scheduled Commercial Banks
  • 3. Credit Deployment
  • Table 4.8 Credit Deployment by all Scheduled Commercial Banks
  • Fig. 4.1 CD ratio - A Comparison
  • Table 4.9 Rural Bank Lending From June 1969 to March 2001
  • Table 4.10 District-Wise Distribution of Bank Credit
  • 4. Priority Sector Lending
  • Fig. 4.2 Bank credit to priority sectors for Kerala and India (In percentage)
  • Table 4.11 Bank Credit to Priority Sector from 1969 to March 2001
  • Table 4.12 Growth Rates of Deposits, Advances and Priority Sector Advances: Mann-Whitney Test
  • FOOT NOTES
  • 5 DISTRICT CREDIT PLANS AND FINANCING OF PRIORITY SECTORS
  • Sector-wise Performance
  • Table 5.1 Sector-Wise Performance under DCPs
  • Table 5.2 Sector-Wise Allocation and Achievement in Percentage
  • Table 5.3 Sectoral Allocation and Achievement Percentages: Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test
  • Table 5.4 Sector-Wise Variations in Targets to Previous Years’ Achievement
  • Bank Group-wise Performance
  • Table 5.5 Bank Group-Wise Share of Priority Sector Advances under DCPs
  • Table 5.6 Bank Group-Wise Performance under DCPs
  • Sector-wise Performance of Different Bank Groups
  • Table 5.7 Sector-wise Performance Score of Different Bank Groups
  • Table 5.8 Bank Group -Wise Performance: Kruskal-Wallis Test
  • Bank Group-Wise Variations in Targets
  • Table 5.9 Bank Group-Wise Variations in Targets to Previous Years’ Achievement
  • Split up of Priority Sector Advances
  • Table 5.10 Priority Sector Advances of Different Bank Groups in Kerala
  • Achievement of National Targets by the Banking Industry
  • Table 5.11 Achievement of National Targets by Banking Industry in Kerala
  • District-wise Performance
  • Table 5.12 District-Wise Performance under DCPs
  • Table 5.13 Growth Rates of Allocation and Achievement during 1991-92 to 2000-01
  • District-wise Performance of Sectors
  • Table 5.14 District-Wise Performance of Agriculture Sector
  • Table 5.15 District-Wise Performance of SSI Sector
  • Table 5.16 District-Wise Performance of Tertiary Sector
  • Table5.17 District-Wise Performance: Friedman Two-Way Analysis
  • Table 5.18 District-Wise Variations in Targets to Previous Years’ Achievement
  • Priority Sector Lending and CD Ratio
  • Table 5.19 Credit Deposit Ratios of Different Bank Groups in Kerala
  • Table 5.20 Priority Sector Lending as a Percentage of Deposits
  • 6 PRIORITY SECTOR LENDING METHODS AND PROCEDURES
  • Socio-economic Status
  • 1. Age and Sex Profile
  • Table 6.1 Socio-Economic Profile of the Beneficiaries
  • 2. Caste Status
  • 3. Literacy Level
  • 4. Occupational Status
  • 5. Land Holdings and Residential Buildings
  • 6. Income, Expenditure and Savings
  • Preference for Bank Loans
  • Table 6.2 Preference for Bank Loans
  • Interest Rates on Loans
  • Table 6.3 Interest Rates on Loans
  • Awareness of Bank Policies and Procedures
  • Table 6.4 Awareness of the Scheme
  • Table 6.5 Communication Media
  • Approach to the Bank
  • Table 6.6 Borrowers’ Approach to the Bank
  • Table 6.7 Borrowers’ Approach According to Bank Personnel
  • Services of the Banks
  • Table 6.8 Services of the Banks
  • Table 6.9 Distance to the Bank
  • Assistance From Other Agencies
  • Table 6.10 Assistance from Other Agencies
  • Interference of Middlemen
  • Table 6.11 Interference of Middlemen
  • Pre-sanction and Post-disbursement Visits
  • Table 6.12 Pre-Sanction and Post-Disbursement Visits
  • Fig.6.1 Post-Credit Supervision
  • Service Area Approach
  • Table 6.13 Service Area Approach
  • Benefits Enjoyed by PSL Beneficiaries
  • Table 6.14 Benefits Enjoyed by PSL Beneficiaries
  • Table 6.15 Difficulties in Achieving PSL Target
  • Loan Details
  • Table 6.16 Loan Details
  • Delay in Disbursement of Loans
  • Table 6.17 Delay in Disbursement of Loans
  • Hardships in Obtaining Loans
  • Table 6.18 Hardships in Obtaining Loans
  • Borrowers’ Satisfaction from Banking Services
  • Table 6.19 Borrowers’ Satisfaction from Banking Services
  • 7 PRIORITY SECTOR LENDING UTILISATION AND ITS IMPACT
  • Utilisation of Loans
  • Misutilisation
  • Repayment of Loans
  • Fig. 7.1 Sector- wise repayers and defaulters
  • Table 7. 3 Sector-Wise Repayers and Defaulters
  • Table 7.4 Repayment of Loans
  • Table 7.5 Income vs. Defaulters
  • Defaulters - A Comparison
  • Table 7.6 Defaulters - A Comparison
  • Utilisation and Repayment
  • Table 7.7 Sector-Wise Utilisation and Repayment Percentages
  • Table 7.8 Repayment and Sufficiency of Loan
  • Sufficiency and Repayment
  • Table 7. 8 Repayment and Sufficiency of Loan
  • Present Status of the Scheme
  • Table 7.9 Status of the Scheme
  • Recovery Procedure
  • Table 7.10 Recovery Procedure
  • Factors Expediting Recovery
  • Table 7.11 Factors Expediting Recovery
  • Hardships in Recovery
  • Table 7.12 Hardships in Recovery
  • Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC)
  • NPAs in Priority Sector
  • Table 7.13 NPAs - Bank Managers’ Opinion
  • Table 7.14 Sector-Wise Recovery Performance of all Scheduled Commercial Banks in Kerala
  • Factors Responsible for NPAs in Priority Sector
  • Table 7.15 Factors Responsible for NPAs in Priority Sector
  • Impact of Bank Loans
  • Table 7.16 Mode and Source of Repayment
  • Impact on Income
  • Table 7.17 Sector-wise Income Generation
  • Movement of Sample Beneficiaries in the Income Scale
  • Table 7.18 Pre-income and Post-income Relationship
  • Impact on Employment
  • Table 7.19 Impact on Employment
  • General Impacts
  • Table 7.20 Impact of Bank Loans
  • Impact of PSL on Banks
  • Table 7.21 Impact of PSL on Banks
  • Goals Achieved Through PSL
  • Table 7.22 Goals Achieved through PSL
  • Difficulties in the Implementation of PSL Scheme
  • Table 7.23 Difficulties in the Implementation of Priority Sector Lending Scheme
  • Problems of Borrowers
  • Table 7.24 Problems of Borrowers
  • Priority Sector Lending- An Opinion Survey
  • 1. Bankers’ Viewpoints
  • Table 7.25 Bankers’ Opinion and Suggestions
  • 2. Borrowers’ Viewpoints
  • Table 7. 26 Borrowers’ Opinion about the Scheme
  • Relevance of PSL
  • FOOT NOTES
  • 8 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • Methodology and Survey Design
  • Summary of the Chapters
  • FINDINGS
  • I. Progress of Commercial Banks in Kerala
  • II. Sector-wise Achievement Under District Credit Plans
  • III. Performance of Bank Groups Under DCPs
  • IV. Split up of Priority Sector Advances
  • V. Achievement of National Targets by the Banking Industry
  • VI. District-wise Achievement Under District Credit Plans
  • VII. Priority Sector Lending and C D Ratio
  • VIII. Characteristics of PSL Borrowers
  • IX. Preference for Bank Loans
  • X. Awareness of the Scheme
  • XI. Approach to the Bank
  • XII. Services of the Bank
  • XIII. Service Area Approach
  • XIV. Benefits Enjoyed by PSL Beneficiaries
  • XV. Difficulties in Achieving the PSL Target
  • XVI. Loan Details
  • XVII. Hardships in Obtaining Loans
  • XVIII. Borrowers’ Satisfaction from Banking Services
  • XIX. Utilisation Pattern of Priority Sector Credit
  • XX. Repayment of Loans
  • XXI. Comparison of the Defaulters
  • XXII. Present Status of the Scheme
  • XXIII. Recovery Procedure
  • XXIV. Factors Expediting Recovery
  • XXV. Hardships in Recovery
  • XXVI. Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation
  • XXVII. NPAs in Priority Sector
  • XXVIII. Factors Responsible for NPAs in Priority Sector
  • XXIX. Impact of Bank Loans
  • XXX. Goals Achieved Through PSL
  • XXXI. Difficulties in the Implementation of PSL Scheme
  • A. Bank Managers’ Opinion
  • B. Borrowers’ Opinion
  • XXXII. Opinion About the Scheme
  • A. Bankers’ Viewpoint
  • B. Borrowers’ Viewpoint
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • I. Banking Activities-A General Conclusion
  • II. District Credit Plans and Priority Sector Lending
  • III. PSL Borrowers and Banking Services
  • IV. Utilisation and Repayment
  • V. Impact of Bank Loans
  • VI. Difficulties
  • VII. Opinion About the Scheme
  • RECOMMENDATIONS
  • Scope for Further Research
  • BIBLIOGRAPHY
  • BOOKS
  • REPORTS
  • ARTICLES
  • CD ROMS
  • WEBSITES
  • APPENDIX I A Survey on the Priority Sector Lending by Commercial Banks in Kerala
  • APPENDIX II A Survey on the Priority Sector Lending by Commercial Banks in Kerala