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TITLE
DEDICATION
CERTIFICATE
DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
CONTENTS
PREFACE
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
1. INTRODUCTION TO THE EARTHS UPPER ATMOSPHERE - IONOSPHERE
1.1. introduction
1.2. Ionosphere
1.3. Equatorial ionosphere
1.4 Geomagnetic S4 variations
l.5. Dynamo theory
1.6. Electrical conductivity of the ionosphere
1.6. I. Layer conductivities in the ionosphere
I.7. Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ) and Counter electrojet (CEJ)
1.8 Plasma instabilities ill the Equatorial Electrojet region
I.8.1. Equatorial Electrojet irregularities
1.8.2. Two-stream (Farley-Buneman) instability
1.8.3. Gradient drift (Rayleigh-Taylor) instability
1.9. Equatorial Sporadic F (Esq) layers
1.10. Equatorial Spread F
1.11. F region dynamo
1.12. Dynamic and Electrodynamic effects
I.13. Present study
2. EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Principle of Backscatter radar
2.2.1. Principle of coherent scattering
2.3. VHF hack scatter radar at Thumba
2.3.1. Height resolution of the radar
2.4. Radar specifications
2.5. VHF backscatter radar data analysis
2.6. Ionosonde
2.6.1. Ionosonde principle
2.6.2. Digital Ionosonde
2.6.3. System description
2.6.4. Frequency range
2.6.5. The main specifications of digital lonosonde at Trivandrum
2.6.6. lonogram
2.6.7. The Transmitter
2.6.8. The Receiver
2.6.9. Noise Removal
2.6.10. Antenna Analysis
2.7. Indian Mesosphere--thermosphere-Troposphere (MST) radar at Gadanki. Tirupati
2.7.1 Indian MST radar
2.7.2. Configuration of MST radar
2.7.3. Transmitter system
2.7.4. Antenna array configuration
2.7.5. Receivers stem
2.8 HF backscatter radar at Thumba
2.8.1. Radar controller
2.8.2. Transmitter
2.8.3. Antenna system
2.8.4. Receiver system,
2.8.5. The data acquisition system
3. STUDIES ON THE ELECTRODYNAMICS / NEUTRAL DYNAMICS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ONSET OF EQUATORIAL SPREAD F
3.1. Introduction - Equatorial Spread F
3.2. Database and method of analysis
I. Role of meridional wind on the onset of ESF
3.3. Estimation of meridional wind and its variabilities
3.3.1. Case I: Occurrence of ESF with hF > 300 km
3.3.2. Case II: Occurrence of ESF with h F < 300 km
3.3.3. Case III: Occurrence of ESF on moderately disturbed days
3.4. Specific Observations
3.5. Results and discussions
II. Inhibition / development of ESF on magnetically disturbed days
3.6. A case study of the disturbed day events
3.7. Data and method of.analysis
3.8. Results and discussions
3.9 Specific observations on international disturbed days
3.10. Summary and conclusions
III. Study on the variation of critical height (h F) with solar activity and their control on the occurrence of ESF their control oft the occurrence of E F
3.11. Solar activity linked variabilities in the thermospheric meridional winds
3.12. Data and method of.analysis
3.1 3. Results and discussion
4. STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF AUGUST 11, 1999 SOLAR ECLIPSE ON THE ELECTRODYNAMICS OF EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE
4. I. Introduction
4.I.1. The solar eclipse phenomena
4. I.2. Effects of solar eclipse on the atmospheric phenomena
4.1.3. Overview of the solar eclipse phenomena
4.1.4. Solar eclipse of August 1 1. 1999
4.2. Data base
4.3. lonosonde data
4.4 VHF backscatter radar - E-region effects
4.5. F-region effects
4.6. Results and discussion
4.7. Conclusions
5. LEANED METEOR SHOWER - INVESTIGATION OF ELECTRODYNA MIC PROCESS OF EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERIC E REGION BY USING LONG- LIVED METALLIC ION LAYER AS A TRACER
5.1. Introduction to Leonid meteor shower
5. 1.1. Effect of Leonids-99 meteor shower in the ionosphere
5.2. Leonid-99 campaign
5.3. Results
5.3.1. Ionospheric data
5.3.2. MST radar in meteor mode operation
5.3.3. MST radar in the Ionospheric mode of operation
5.3.4. VHF backscatter radar data
5.4. Discussions
5.5. Conclusions
6. STUDY OF TYPE II IRREGULARITIES DURING COUNTER ELECTROJET EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE BLANKETING Es LAYER
6.1. Introduction
6.2. Data base
6.3. Experimental observations
6.3.1. Characteristics of Type 11 Echoes during daytime - on Non CEJ days
6.3.1.1. 7.7.2000 (Ap=5) A quiet day without the occurrence of blanketing ES layers
6.3.2. Characteristics of Type 11 Echoes during daytime - on CEJ days
6.3.2.1. Case I: 22.6.2000 (Ap=11), A quiet day without the occurrence of Esh Layers
6.3.2.2. Case II: CEJ event on 20.6.2000 (Ap=6): Strong Type II signals and strong blanketing ES occurrence
6.3.2.3. Case III: CEJ event on 4.7.2000 (Ap=8): strong Type 11 signals with very strong blanketing ES occurrence
6.3.2.4. Case IV: CEJ event on 6.7.2000 (Ap=5): Weak Type ti signals with strong blanketing Es occurrence
6.4. Results and Discus ions
6.5. Summary
7. A STUDY OF EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERIC RESPONSE TO THE MAGNETIC STORM OF 3-11, NOVEMBER 1993
7. I. Introduction
7.1.1. Geomagnetic storms: Onset and development
7. 1.2. Classification of magnetic storms
7. 1. 3. Different phases of magnetic storms
7.1.4 A case study of the geomagnetic storm of November; 3-11- 1993
7.2. Data base
7.3. Results and discussion
7.3.1. Overview of geomagnetic storm and associated equatorial ionospheric storm
7.3.2. Morning counter electrojet and EIA
7.3.3. Daytime perturbations in F layer Peak height and density and EIA
7.3.4. Nighttime changes in F layer height and peak density
7.4.Summary and Conclusions
8. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Scope for the future work
References